Related papers: Lagerkvist versus Crick
The genetic code underlying protein synthesis is a canonical example of a degenerate biological system. Degeneracies in physical and biological systems can be lifted by external perturbations thus allowing degenerate systems to exhibit a…
The importance of the notion of symmetry in physics is well established: could it also be the case for the genetic code? In this spirit, a model for the Genetic Code based on continuous symmetries and entitled the "Crystal Basis Model" has…
These lectures discuss the question of whether a key feature is seen in hadron spectroscopy--the near degeneracy of hadrons with different parity and/or spin. It has been conjectured that this is due to an effective restoration of chiral…
This hypothesis can provide an opportunity to trace logically the process of the emergence of the DNA double helix. AT-enrichment in this hypothesis is main factor of evolution of DNA double helix from RNA double helix.
In a certain way, this paper presents the continuation of the previous one which discussed the harmonic structure of the genetic code (Rakocevic, 2004). Several new harmonic structures presented in this paper, through specific unity and…
Imposing a minimum principle in the framework of the so called crystal basis model of the genetic code, we determine the structure of the minimum set of 22 anticodons which allows the translational-transcription for animal mitochondrial…
We report an unexpected systematic degeneracy between different multiplets in an inversion symmetric system of two coupled Gaudin models with homogeneous couplings, as occurring for example in the context of solid state quantum information…
A system-level genetic code is a hypothetical genetic code that exclusively or preferentially codes systems of interacting coadapted parts. System-level genetic codes differ from part-level genetic codes in which each discrete part is coded…
We discuss degenerations of symplectic and orthogonal representations of symmetric quivers and algebras with self-dualities. As in the non-symmetric case, we define a partial ordering, that we call symmetric Ext-order which gives a…
We give a short proof of Kaledin's theorem on the degeneration of the noncommutative Hodge-to-de Rham spectral sequence. Our approach is based on topological Hochschild homology and the theory of cyclotomic spectra. As a consequence, we…
Although several synonymous codons can encode the same aminoacid, this symmetry is generally broken in natural genetic systems. In this article, we show that the symmetry breaking can result from selective pressures due to the violation of…
A three-dimensional model of the genetic vocabulary is proposed in terms of determinative degree, an introduced characteristic of nucleotide, which reflects absolute difference between purin and pyrimidin bases in one DNA strand. In the…
Modelising the translation errors by suitable mathematical operators in the crystal basis model of the genetic code and requiring that codons prone to be misread encode the same amino-acid, the main features of the organisation in…
The degenerate leptogenesis is studied when the degeneracy in two of the heavy right-handed neutrinos [the third one is irrelevant if $\mu -\tau $ symmetry is assumed] is due to $\bar{L}\equiv (L_{e}-L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}) $ discrete symmetry.…
The toric code can be constructed as a gauge theory of finite groups on oriented two dimensional lattices. Here we construct analogous models with the gauge fields belonging to groupoids, which are categories where every morphism has an…
We have investigated the role that the mutation rate and the structure of genetic variation at a locus play in determining whether a gene is involved in disease. We predict that the mutation rate and its genetic diversity should be higher…
For ordinary hermitian Hamiltonians, the states show the Kramers degeneracy when the system has a half-odd-integer spin and the time reversal operator obeys \Theta^2=-1, but no such a degeneracy exists when \Theta^2=+1. Here we point out…
In this work it is shown that 20 canonical amino acids (AAs) within genetic code appear to be a whole system with strict distinction in Genetic Code Table (GCT) into some different quantums: 20, 23, 61 amino acid molecules. These molecules…
Pedigrees, or family trees, are graphs of family relationships that are used to study inheritance. A fundamental problem in computational biology is to find, for a pedigree with $n$ individuals genotyped at every site, a set of…
For most chemists, Kramers' degeneracy refers to the fact that for any radical system, every potential energy surface is at least doubly degenerate (with spin up and spin down, time-reversed solutions) for all nuclear positions…