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The new definition of the ampere calls for a quantum current standard able to deliver a flow of elementary charges, $e$, controlled with a relative uncertainty of $10^{-8}$. Despite many efforts, nanodevices handling electrons one by one…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Sophie Djordjevic , Ralf Behr , W. Poirier

One major change of the future revision of the International System of Units (SI) is a new definition of the ampere based on the elementary charge \emph{e}. Replacing the former definition based on Amp\`ere's force law will allow one to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-12-21 J. Brun-Picard , S. Djordjevic , D. Leprat , F. Schopfer , W. Poirier

In the revised International System of Units (SI), the ohm and the volt are realized from the von Klitzing constant and the Josephson constant, and a practical realization of the ampere is possible by applying Ohm's law directly to the…

Quantum Hall effect (QHE) is the basis of modern resistance metrology. In Quantum Hall Array Resistance Standards (QHARS), several individual QHE elements, each one having the same QHE resistance (typically half of the von Klitzing…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-11-05 Massimo Ortolano , Marco Abrate , Luca Callegaro

By fixing two fundamental constants from quantum mechanics, the Planck constant $h$ and the elementary charge $e$, the revised Syst\`eme International (SI) of units endorses explicitly quantum mechanics. This evolution also highlights the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 W. Poirier , S. Djordjevic , F. Schopfer , O. Thévenot

The quantum Josephson voltage standard is well established across the metrology community for many years. It relies on the synchronisation of the flux tunneling in the S/I/S Josepson junctions (JJ) with the microwave radiation (MW). The…

A programmable quantum current generator based on the application of Ohm's law to quantum voltage and resistance standards has demonstrated a realization of the ampere from the elementary charge with a $10^{-8}$ relative uncertainty [J.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-08-11 Sophie Djordjevic , Ralf Behr , Dietmar Drung , Martin Götz , Wilfrid Poirier

We tackle the problem of accurate simulations of switching currents arising from tunnel events in the washboard potentials associated to Josephson junctions. The measurements of the probability distribution of the switching currents is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-05 Vincenzo Pierro , Giovanni Filatrella

We demonstrate the synchronization of current quantization in a parallel array of weakly coupled Josephson Junctions operating in the regime of the coherent quantum phase slip. The first quantized current step on the voltage-current…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-05-26 R. Shaikhaidarov , R. Hussain , V. N. Antonov , E. Il'ichev

Low-capacitance Josephson junction systems as well as coupled quantum dots, in a parameter range where single charges can be controlled, provide physical realizations of quantum bits, discussed in connection with quantum computing. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Shnirman , Gerd Schoen

Quantum Metrology Triangle experiments combine three quantum electrical effects (the Josephson effect, the quantum Hall effect and the single-electron transport effect) used in metrology. These experiments allow important fundamental…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Hansjörg Scherer , Benedetta Camarota

We review recent theoretical and experimental progress in quantum state engineering with Josephson junction devices. The concepts of quantum computing have stimulated an increased activity in the field. Either charges or phases (fluxes) of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuriy Makhlin , Gerd Schoen , Alexander Shnirman

We consider a simple model for an SNS Josephson junction in which the "normal metal" is a section of a filling-factor $\nu=2$ integer quantum-Hall edge. We provide analytic expressions for the current/phase relations to all orders in the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-03-19 Michael Stone , Yiruo Lin

We report on high-accuracy measurements of quantized current, sourced by a tunable-barrier single-electron pump at frequencies $f$ up to $1$ GHz. The measurements were performed with a new picoammeter instrument, traceable to the Josephson…

The Josephson effect in superconductors links a quantized output voltage Vout = f \cdot(h/2e) to the natural constants of the electron's charge e, Planck's constant h, and to an excitation frequency f with important applications in…

Quantum Hall effect (QHE) devices are a pillar of modern quantum electrical metrology. Electrical networks including one or more QHE elements can be used as quantum resistance and impedance standards. The analysis of these networks allows…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-01-15 Massimo Ortolano , Luca Callegaro

A goal of quantum information technology is to control the quantum state of a system, including its preparation, manipulation, and measurement. However, scalability to many qubits and controlled connectivity between any selected qubits are…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Q. You , J. S. Tsai , Franco Nori

The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is a cornerstone in the new International System of Units (SI), wherein the base units are derived from seven fundamental constants such as Planck's constant h and elementary charge e. Graphene has…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-02 Hans He , Karin Cedergren , Naveen Shetty , Samuel Lara-Avila , Sergey Kubatkin , Tobias Bergsten , Gunnar Eklund

The hydrodynamical phase-slippage geometry and a semi-classical Josephson-RCSJ formulism are combined to make an analogy between the periodically driven Josephson ac effect and the quantum Hall effect. Both of these two macroscopic quantum…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. C. Wang

Few of the known quantum algorithms can be reliably executed on a quantum computer. Therefore, as an extension, we propose a Parallel Quantum Hough transform (PQHT) algorithm that we execute on a quantum computer. We give its implementation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Frank Klefenz , Nico Wittrock , Frank Feldhoff
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