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One of the theoretical pillars that sustain certain machine learning models are universal approximation theorems, which prove that they can approximate all functions from a function class to arbitrary precision. Independently, classical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-28 Tobias Reinhart , Gemma De les Coves

We construct explicitly Pad\'e approximations of the second kind for a special class of G-functions. These are then applied to prove a Baker-type lower bound for linear forms in the p-adic values of these functions. Moreover, we consider…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-27 Keijo Väänänen

Universal approximation theorems are the foundations of classical neural networks, providing theoretical guarantees that the latter are able to approximate maps of interest. Recent results have shown that this can also be achieved in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Lukas Gonon , Antoine Jacquier

We establish a universal approximation theorem for signatures of rough paths that are not necessarily weakly geometric. By extending the path with time and its rough path bracket terms, we prove that linear functionals of the signature of…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Mihriban Ceylan , Anna P. Kwossek , David J. Prömel

The use of approximants of Pad\`e type are employed to develop a method aimed at opening new perspectives in the theory of Appell polynomials $a_n(x)$, specified by the generating function \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{t^n}{n!} a_n(x) = A(t)…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Giuseppe Dattoli , Subuhi Khan , Ujair Ahmad

Let $(\tau_n)_n$ be a sequence of real numbers in $(1,+\infty)$. Using potential theoretic methods, we prove quantitative results - Bernstein-Walsh type theorems - about uniform approximation by polynomials of the form $\sum_{k=\lfloor…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Stéphane Charpentier , Konstantinos Maronikolakis

Universal approximation theorems establish the expressive capacity of neural network architectures. For dynamical systems, existing results are limited to finite time horizons or systems with a globally stable equilibrium, leaving…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Abel Sagodi , Il Memming Park

Let $E$ be a closed subset of the unit circle of measure zero. Recently, Beise and M\"uller showed the existence of a function in the Hardy space $H^2$ for which the partial sums of its Taylor series approximate any continuous function on…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Catherine Bénéteau , Oleg Ivrii , Myrto Manolaki , Daniel Seco

We prove that every continuous function on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space X can be uniformly approximated by smooth functions with no critical points. This kind of result can be regarded as a sort of very strong approximate…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Daniel Azagra , Manuel Cepedello Boiso

We generalize the universal power series of Seleznev to several variables and we allow the coefficients to depend on parameters. Then, the approximable functions may depend on the same parameters. The universal approximation holds on…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Konstantinos Maronikolakis , Giorgos Stamatiou

We prove two universal approximation theorems for a range of dropout neural networks. These are feed-forward neural networks in which each edge is given a random $\{0,1\}$-valued filter, that have two modes of operation: in the first each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Oxana A. Manita , Mark A. Peletier , Jacobus W. Portegies , Jaron Sanders , Albert Senen-Cerda

Consider the following variant of the set cover problem. We are given a universe $U=\{1,...,n\}$ and a collection of subsets $\mathcal{C} = \{S_1,...,S_m\}$ where $S_i \subseteq U$. For every element $u \in U$ we need to find a set $\phi(u)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Marek Adamczyk , Fabrizio Grandoni , Stefano Leonardi , MIchal Wlodarczyk

For various Hilbert spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk, we characterize when a function $f$ has optimal polynomial approximants given by truncations of a single power series. We also introduce a generalized notion of optimal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Christopher Felder

Let $S_n f$ be the $n$th partial sum of the Fourier series of a function $f$ in $L^1(\D)$, where $\D$ is the ring of integers of a local field $K$. For $1<p<\infty$, we characterize all weight functions $w$ so that the partial sum operators…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-04 Md Nurul Molla , Biswaranjan Behera

We study AAK as well as Pad\'e approximants to functions f, where f is a sum of a Cauchy transform of a complex measure \mu supported on a real interval included in (-1,1), whose Radon-Nikodym derivative with respect to the arcsine…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2010-01-22 Maxim Yattselev

Motivated by the rapidly growing field of mathematics for operator approximation with neural networks, we present a novel universal operator approximation theorem for a broad class of encoder-decoder architectures. In this study, we focus…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Janek Gödeke , Pascal Fernsel

We prove the existence of entire functions that achieve universal approximations on certain countable sequences of translation operators .

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Nikos Tsirivas

Let $ f_0 $ and $ f_\infty $ be formal power series at the origin and infinity, and $ P_n/Q_n $, with $ \mathrm{deg}(P_n),\mathrm{deg}(Q_n)\leq n $, be a rational function that simultaneously interpolates $ f_0 $ at the origin with order $…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-02-02 M. L. Yattselev

Function approximation is a generic process in a variety of computational problems, from data interpolation to the solution of differential equations and inverse problems. In this work, a unified approach for such techniques is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-01 Nikolaos P. Bakas

Let $H$ be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space, $B(H)$ the $C^*$-algebra of all bounded linear operators on $H,$ $U(B(H))$ the unitary group of $B(H)$ and ${\cal K}\subset B(H)$ the ideal of compact operators. Let $G$ be a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Huaxin Lin