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We present security proofs for a protocol for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on encoding in finite high-dimensional Hilbert spaces. This protocol is an extension of Bennett's and Brassard's basic protocol from two bases, two state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mohamed Bourennane , Anders Karlsson , Gunnar Bjork , Nicolas Gisin , Nicolas Cerf

We present results of practical sending-or-not quantum key distribution. In real-life implementations, we need consider the following three requirements, a few different intensities rather than infinite number of different intensities, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-02 Zong-Wen Yu , Xiao-Long Hu , Cong Jiang , Hai Xu , Xiang-Bin Wang

A new protocol for quantum key distribution based on entanglement swapping is presented. In this protocol, both certain key and random key can be generated without any loss of security. It is this property differs our protocol from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chong Li , He-Shan Song , Ling Zhou , Chun-Feng Wu

While ideal quantum key distribution (QKD) systems are well-understood, practical implementations face various vulnerabilities, such as side-channel attacks resulting from device imperfections. Current security proofs for decoy-state BB84…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Jerome Wiesemann , Fadri Grünenfelder , Ana Blázquez , Nino Walenta , Davide Rusca

The quantum dense coding (DC) protocol, which has no security feature, deals with the transmission of classical information encoded in a quantum state by using shared entanglement between a single sender and a single receiver. Its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Ayan Patra , Rivu Gupta , Tamoghna Das , Aditi Sen De

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been developed within the last decade that is provably secure against arbitrary computing power, and even against quantum computer attacks. Now there is a strong need of research to exploit this technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-01-30 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Salahuddin Hyder , Mahmood K Pathan , Kashif H Sheikh

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

Quantum communication over long distances is integral to information security and has been demonstrated in free space and fibre with two-dimensional polarisation states of light. Although increased bit rates can be achieved using…

Many papers proved the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) system, in the asymptotic framework. The degree of the security has not been discussed in the finite coding-length framework, sufficiently. However, to guarantee any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

In the distribution of quantum states over a long distance, not only are quantum states corrupted by interactions with an environment but also a measurement setting should be re-aligned such that detection events can be ensured for the…

Polarization encoding quantum key distribution has been proven to be a reliable method to build a secure communication system. It has already been used in inter-city fiber channel and near-earth atmosphere channel, leaving underwater…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Shanchuan Dong , Yonghe Yu , Shangshuai Zheng , Qiming Zhu , Lei Gai , Wendong Li , Yongjian Gu

We introduce a new quantum key distribution protocol that uses d-level quantum systems to encode an alphabet with c letters. It has the property that the error rate introduced by an intercept-and-resend attack tends to one as the numbers c…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-15 Stephen Brierley

We propose an unconditionally secure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which uses a relatively strong signal pulse. While our protocol shares similar security bases as the Bennett 1992 protocol with a strong reference pulse (B92),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kiyoshi Tamaki

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique that enables secure communication between two parties by sharing a secret key. One of the most well-known QKD protocols is the BB84 protocol, proposed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 SujayKumar Reddy M , Chandra Mohan B

An essential step in quantum key distribution is the estimation of parameters related to the leaked amount of information, which is usually done by sampling of the communication data. When the data size is finite, the final key rate depends…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 Shun Kawakami , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

We prove the security of the 1984 protocol of Bennett and Brassard (BB84) for quantum key distribution. We first give a key distribution protocol based on entanglement purification, which can be proven secure using methods from Lo and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 Peter W. Shor , John Preskill

Channel loss seems to be the most severe limitation on the practical application of long distance quantum key distribution. The idea of twin-field quantum key distribution can improve the key rate from the linear scale of channel loss in…

Quantum cryptography is now considered as a promising technology due to its promise of unconditional security. In recent years, rigorous work is being done for the experimental realization of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Satish Kumar , Priya Malpani , Britant , Sandeep Mishra , Anirban Pathak

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

We present two robust quantum key distribution protocols against two kinds of collective noise, following some ideas in quantum dense coding. Three-qubit entangled states are used as quantum information carriers, two of which forming the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-12 Xi-Han Li , Bao-Kui Zhao , Yu-Bo Sheng , Fu-Guo Deng , Hong-Yu Zhou