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We point out a structural similarity between the characterization of black hole apparent horizons as stable marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) and the quantum description of a non-relativistic charged particle moving in given magnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 José Luis Jaramillo

Small deformations of marginally (outer) trapped surfaces are considered by using their stability operator. In the case of spherical symmetry, one can use these deformations on any marginally trapped round sphere to prove several…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-16 José M. M. Senovilla

Small deformations of marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) are studied by using the stability operator introduced by Andersson-Mars-Simon. Novel formulae for the principal eigenvalue are presented. A characterization of the many…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-27 José M. M. Senovilla

Black hole apparent horizons possess a natural notion of stability, whose spectral characterization can be related to the problem of the stationary quantum charged particle. Such mathematical relation leads to an "analyticity conjecture" on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-23 José Luis Jaramillo

We define entropic marginally outer trapped surfaces (E-MOTSs) as a generalization of apparent horizons. We then show that, under first-order perturbations around a stationary black hole, the dynamical black hole entropy proposed by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-03 Hideo Furugori , Kanji Nishii , Daisuke Yoshida , Kaho Yoshimura

Marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs, or marginal surfaces in short) are routinely used in numerical simulations of black hole spacetimes. They are an invaluable tool for locating and characterizing black holes quasi-locally in real…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-13 Daniel Pook-Kolb , Ofek Birnholtz , Badri Krishnan , Erik Schnetter

We consider an initial data set having a continuous symmetry and a marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS) that is not preserved by this symmetry. We show that such a MOTS is unstable except in an exceptional case. In non-rotating cases we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-03 Ivan Booth , Graham Cox , Juan Margalef-Bentabol

In this paper, we study the stability of marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS), foliating horizons of the form $r=X(\tau)$, embedded in locally rotationally symmetric class II perfect fluid spacetimes. An upper bound on the area of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-11 Abbas M. Sherif , Peter K. S. Dunsby

We prove that a marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS) can form as a result of Einsteinian evolution in pure vacuum spacetime starting from regular initial data free of MOTSs due to pure boundary effects. We adapt a Cauchy-double-null…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-19 Puskar Mondal , Shing-Tung Yau

Closed sections of totally geodesic null hypersurfaces are marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS), for which a well-defined notion of stability exists. In this paper we obtain the explicit form for the stability operator for such MOTS and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Marc Mars

General laws of black-hole dynamics, some of which are analogous to the laws of thermodynamics, have recently been found for a general definition of black hole in terms of a future outer trapping horizon, a hypersurface foliated by marginal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Sean A. Hayward

We study the evolution of horizons of black holes in the $1+1+2$ covariant setting and investigate various properties intrinsic to the geometry of the foliation surfaces of these horizons. This is done by interpreting formulations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-16 Abbas Sherif , Rituparno Goswami , Sunil Maharaj

The present work extends our short communication Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 111102 (2005). For smooth marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) in a smooth spacetime we define stability with respect to variations along arbitrary vectors v normal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Lars Andersson , Marc Mars , Walter Simon

It is well known that locally defined marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS) is null and coincident with the event horizon of an unperturbed static Schwarzschild black hole. This is however not true for an accreting black hole for which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-18 Naresh Dadhich , Rituparno Goswami

Bounds for the area of general closed marginally trapped surfaces (MTSs) are presented. They do not require any stability condition, and are determined by a constant that depends on a particular component of the Einstein tensor on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-29 José M. M. Senovilla

A popular approach in numerical simulations of black hole binaries is to model black holes as punctures in the fabric of spacetime. The location and the properties of the black hole punctures are tracked with apparent horizons, namely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-26 Christopher Evans , Deborah Ferguson , Bhavesh Khamesra , Pablo Laguna , Deirdre Shoemaker

We investigate the stability of the horizon in a warped anti-de Sitter black hole based on the three-dimensional new massive gravity by particle absorption. If a particle moving towards the black hole enters its outer horizon, the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-13 Bogeun Gwak

We solve Einstein vacuum equations in a spacetime region up to the "center" of gravitational collapse. Within this region, we construct a sequence of marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) with areas going to zero. These MOTS form a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-26 Xinliang An

Black hole entropy has been shown by 't Hooft to diverge at the horizon. The region near the horizon is in a thermal state, so entropy is linear to energy which consequently also diverges. We find a similar divergence for the energy of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-06-24 Ram Brustein , Judy Kupferman

We examine the robustness of black hole ringdown to stochastic horizon-scale structure within an effective field framework. Consistent with the understanding that the spectral instability of quasinormal modes does not necessarily imply…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Han-Wen Hu , Cheng-Jun Fang , Zong-Kuan Guo
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