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The second-largest eigenvalue and second-smallest Laplacian eigenvalue of a graph are measures of its connectivity. These eigenvalues can be used to analyze the robustness, resilience, and synchronizability of networks, and are related to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-20 Aida Abiad , Boris Brimkov , Xavier Martinez-Rivera , O Suil , Jingmei Zhang

This paper extends the definitions of effective resistance and effective conductance to characterize the overall relation (positive coupling or antagonism) between any two disjoint sets of nodes in a signed graph. It generalizes the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-19 Yue Song , David J. Hill , Tao Liu

We introduce and study a generalization of conformal rigidity for graphs. A graph is $k$-conformally rigid if the uniform edge weights simultaneously maximize the sum of the $k$ smallest nontrivial Laplacian eigenvalues and minimize the sum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Henrique Assumpção , Gabriel Coutinho , Chris Godsil

We investigate the concept of effective resistance in connection graphs, expanding its traditional application from undirected graphs. We propose a robust definition of effective resistance in connection graphs by focusing on the duality of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Alexander Cloninger , Gal Mishne , Andreas Oslandsbotn , Sawyer Jack Robertson , Zhengchao Wan , Yusu Wang

Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in electrical power grids. Stable power supply requires a robust design of the power grid topology. Currently, the impact of the grid structure on the grid robustness is mainly…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-26 Xiangrong Wang , Yakup Koç , Robert E. Kooij , Piet Van Mieghem

It has been recently proposed that the natural connectivity can be used to characterize efficiently the robustness of complex networks. The natural connectivity quantifies the redundancy of alternative routes in the network by evaluating…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-12-19 Jun Wu , Mauricio Barahona , Yuejin Tan , Hongzhong Deng

Effective resistance (ER) is an attractive way to interrogate the structure of graphs. It is an alternative to computing the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian. One attractive application of ER is to point clouds, i.e. graphs whose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Robi Bhattacharjee , Alexander Cloninger , Yoav Freund , Andreas Oslandsbotn

Local changes in the topology of electricity grids can cause overloads far away from the disturbance, making the prediction of the robustness against changes in the topology - for example caused by power outages or grid extensions - a…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-07-19 Daniel Jung , Stefan Kettemann

Given an increasing graph property $\mathcal{P}$, a graph $G$ is $\alpha$-resilient with respect to $\mathcal{P}$ if, for every spanning subgraph $H\subseteq G$ where each vertex keeps more than a $(1-\alpha)$-proportion of its neighbours,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Alberto Espuny Díaz , Lyuben Lichev , Alexandra Wesolek

Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in power transmission grids. The topology of a power grid, together with its operative state determine, for the most part, the robustness of the power grid against cascading…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-18 Yakup Koç , Martijn Warnier , Piet Van Mieghem , Robert E. Kooij , Frances M. T. Brazier

As a result of the interaction of rapid development and competition in information technologies, the reliability of a network and how solid it remains is important. It is called the hat vulnerability of the network to measure the endurance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-15 Ersin Aslan , Ayşe Kahveci Özdemir

The intrinsic resistance peak (ridge) structures were recently found to appear in the carrier density dependence plot of the resistance of the AB-stacked multilayer graphene with even numbers of layers.The ridges are due to topological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Tomoaki Nakasuga , Taiki Hirahara , Kota Horii , Ryoya Ebisuoka , Shingo Tajima , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Ryuta Yagi

Effective resistance is an important metric that measures the similarity of two vertices in a graph. It has found applications in graph clustering, recommendation systems and network reliability, among others. In spite of the importance of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Pan Peng , Daniel Lopatta , Yuichi Yoshida , Gramoz Goranci

The metric dimension (MD) of a graph is a combinatorial notion capturing the minimum number of landmark nodes needed to distinguish every pair of nodes in the graph based on graph distance. We study how much the MD can increase if we add a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Satvik Mashkaria , Gergely Ódor , Patrick Thiran

Consider a rooted infinite Galton-Watson tree with mean offspring number $m>1$, and a collection of i.i.d. positive random variables $\xi_e$ indexed by all the edges in the tree. We assign the resistance $m^d \xi_e$ to each edge $e$ at…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-21 Dayue Chen , Yueyun Hu , Shen Lin

The \emph{resistance matrix} of a simple connected graph $G$ is denoted by $R$, and is defined by $R =(r_{ij})$, where $r_{ij}$ is the resistance distance between the vertices $i$ and $j$ of $G$. In this paper, we consider the resistance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-05 Fouzul Atik , Ravindra B Bapat , M. Rajesh Kannan

Adversarial attacks to graph analytics are gaining increased attention. To date, two lines of countermeasures have been proposed to resist various graph adversarial attacks from the perspectives of either graph per se or graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Xinxin Fan , Wenxiong Chen , Mengfan Li , Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu

A bar-joint framework $(G,p)$ in Euclidean $d$-space is rigid if the only edge-length-preserving continuous motions arise from isometries of $\mathbb{R}^d$. In the generic case, rigidity is determined by the generic $d$-dimensional rigidity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Rebecca Monks , Anthony Nixon

This article discusses a geometric perspective on the well-known fact in graph theory that the effective resistance is a metric on the nodes of a graph. The classical proofs of this fact make use of ideas from electrical circuits or random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Karel Devriendt

Cascading failures are the typical reasons of black- outs in power grids. The grid topology plays an important role in determining the dynamics of cascading failures in power grids. Measures for vulnerability analysis are crucial to assure…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-12-24 Yakup Koç , Martijn Warnier , Robert E. Kooij , Frances M. T. Brazier