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For some positive integer $k$, if the finite cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_k$ can act freely on a graph $G$, then we say that $G$ is $k$-symmetric. In 1985, Faria showed that the multiplicity of Laplacian eigenvalue 1 is greater than or equal to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Sunyo Moon , Hyungkee Yoo

We show that for each $k\geq 4$ and $n>r\geq k+1$, every $n$-vertex $r$-uniform hypergraph with no Berge cycle of length at least $k$ has at most $\frac{(k-1)(n-1)}{r}$ edges. The bound is exact, and we describe the extremal hypergraphs.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-13 Alexandr Kostochka , Ruth Luo

We study the \textsc{Max Partial $H$-Coloring} problem: given a graph $G$, find the largest induced subgraph of $G$ that admits a homomorphism into $H$, where $H$ is a fixed pattern graph without loops. Note that when $H$ is a complete…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Maria Chudnovsky , Jason King , Michał Pilipczuk , Paweł Rzążewski , Sophie Spirkl

Two graphs are said to be $Q$-cospectral if they share the same signless Laplacian spectrum. A simple graph is said to be determined by its signless Laplacian spectrum (abbreviated as DQS) if there exists no other non-isomorphic simple…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Jiachang Ye , Jianguo Qian , Zoran Stanic

Given a graph $H$, we investigate the $d$-regular graphs $G$ with the highest $H$-density. We reframe the problem as a continuous optimization problem on the eigenvalues of $G$ by relating injective homomorphism numbers from $H$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Gabor Lippner , Arturo Ortiz San Miguel

It is proved that the median eigenvalues of every connected bipartite graph $G$ of maximum degree at most three belong to the interval $[-1,1]$ with a single exception of the Heawood graph, whose median eigenvalues are $\pm\sqrt{2}$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-10 Bojan Mohar

We study the maximum number of hyperedges in a 3-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices that does not contain a Berge cycle of a given length $\ell$. In particular we prove that the upper bound for $C_{2k+1}$-free hypergraphs is of the order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-31 Zoltán Füredi , Lale Özkahya

Let $G$ be a digraph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$. Let $D(G)$ be the diagonal matrix with outdegrees of vertices of $G$. Nikiforov \cite{Niki} proposed to study the convex combinations of the adjacency matrix and diagonal matrix of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Weige Xi , Ligong Wang

Let $\mathcal{G}$ be a $k$-uniform hypergraph, $\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{G}}$ be its Laplacian tensor. And $\beta( \mathcal{G})$ denotes the maximum number of linearly independent nonnegative eigenvectors of $\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{G}}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-14 Chunli Deng , Lizhu Sun , Changjiang Bu

Let ${\rm ind}(G)$ be the number of independent sets in a graph $G$. We show that if $G$ has maximum degree at most $5$ then $$ {\rm ind}(G) \leq 2^{{\rm iso}(G)} \prod_{uv \in E(G)} {\rm ind}(K_{d(u),d(v)})^{\frac{1}{d(u)d(v)}} $$ (where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-26 David Galvin , Yufei Zhao

For any $k\ge 3$ and $\ell \in [k-1]$ such that $(k,\ell) \ne (3,1)$, we show that any sufficiently large $k$-graph $G$ must contain a Hamilton $\ell$-cycle provided that it has no isolated vertices and every set of $k-1$ vertices contained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Shoham Letzter , Arjun Ranganathan

The $Q$-$index$ of graph $G$ is the largest eigenvalue $q(G)$ of its signless Laplacian $Q(G)$. In this paper, we prove that the graph $K_{1}\nabla P_{n-1}$ has the maximal $Q$-index among all outer-planar graphs of order $n$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-21 Guanglong Yu

For a fixed positive integer $k$ and a graph $G$, let $\lambda_k(G)$ denote the $k$-th largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $G$. In 2017, Tait and Tobin proved that the maximum $\lambda_1(G)$ among all outerplanar graphs on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-18 George Brooks , Maggie Gu , Jack Hyatt , William Linz , Linyuan Lu

We define and study a special type of hypergraph. A $\sigma$-hypergraph $H= H(n,r,q$ $\mid$ $\sigma$), where $\sigma$ is a partition of $r$, is an $r$-uniform hypergraph having $nq$ vertices partitioned into $ n$ classes of $q$ vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-21 Christina Zarb

Given any graph $G$, the (adjacency) spread of $G$ is the maximum absolute difference between any two eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G$. In this paper, we resolve a pair of 20-year-old conjectures of Gregory, Hershkowitz, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Jane Breen , Alex W. N. Riasanovsky , Michael Tait , John Urschel

For a graph $G$, let $S_2(G)$ be the sum of the first two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$, and $f(G)=e(G)+3-S_2(G)$. Very recently, Zhou, He and Shan proved that $K^+_{1,n-1}$ (the star graph with an additional edge) is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Zi-Ming Zhou , Zhi-Bin Du , Chang-Xiang He

A hypergraph is \textit{bipartite with bipartition $(A, B)$} if every edge has exactly one vertex in $A$, and a matching in such a hypergraph is \textit{$A$-perfect} if it saturates every vertex in $A$. We prove an upper bound on the number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Tantan Dai , Alexander Divoux , Tom Kelly

We study random k-lifts of large, but otherwise arbitrary graphs G. We prove that, with high probability, all eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of the lift that are not eigenvalues of G are of the order (D ln (kn))^{1/2}, where D is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-07 Roberto Imbuzeiro Oliveira

We present a method for proving upper bounds on the eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian. A main step involves choosing an appropriate "Riemannian" metric to uniformize the geometry of the graph. In many interesting cases, the existence of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-07-26 Jonathan A. Kelner , James R. Lee , Gregory N. Price , Shang-Hua Teng

We say that two graphs $H_1,H_2$ on the same vertex set are $G$-creating ($G$-different in other papers, this difference is explained in the introduction) if the union of the two graphs contains $G$ as a subgraph. Let $H(n,k)$ be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Daniel Soltész