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P\'olya trees are rooted, unlabeled trees on $n$ vertices. This paper gives an efficient, new way to generate P\'olya trees. This allows comparing typical unlabeled and labeled tree statistics and comparing asymptotic theorems with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Laurent Bartholdi , Persi Diaconis

Random increasing k-trees represent an interesting, useful class of strongly dependent graphs for which analytic-combinatorial tools can be successfully applied. We study in this paper a notion called connectivity-profile and derive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-10-20 Alexis Darrasse , Hsien-Kuei Hwang , Olivier Bodini , Michèle Soria

We find a simple, closed formula for the proportion of vertices which are $k$-protected in all unlabeled rooted plane trees on $n$ vertices. We also find that, as $n$ goes to infinity, the average rank of a random vertex in a tree of size…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-30 Keith Copenhaver

We determine the exact and asymptotic number of unlabeled outerplanar graphs. The exact number g_n of unlabeled outerplanar graphs on n vertices can be computed in polynomial time, and g_n is asymptotically $g n^{-5/2}\rho^{-n}$, where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Manuel Bodirsky , Eric Fusy , Mihyun Kang , Stefan Vigerske

In this paper we find the generating function for the number of vertices that have k elements in their subtree and use this generating function to calculate the probability that a vertex has a size k subtree. We also show how this same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Anthony Van Duzer

In 1998, B\"{o}cker and Dress gave a 1-to-1 correspondence between symbolically dated rooted trees and symbolic ultrametrics. We consider the corresponding problem for unrooted trees. More precisely, given a tree $T$ with leaf set $X$ and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-19 Stefan Grünewald , Yangjing Long , Yaokun Wu

We compute the total number of spanning trees for the generalized cone of the complete graph $K_n$ and a number of families of some modified bipartite graphs $K_{m,n}$. In particular, we obtain a new method of finding the number of spanning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Zubeyir Cinkir

Using the theory of combinatorial species, we compute the cycle index for bipartite graphs, which we use to count unlabeled bipartite graphs and bipartite blocks.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-14 Andrew Gainer-Dewar , Ira M. Gessel

The possibility of treating colour in one-loop amplitude calculations alike the other quantum numbers is briefly discussed for semi-numerical algorithms based on generalized unitarity and parametric integration techniques. Numerical results…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-17 Jan Winter

We provide a description of unlabelled enumeration techniques, with complete proofs, for graphs that can be canonically obtained by substituting 2-pole networks for the edges of core graphs. Using structure theorems for toroidal and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-06 Andrei Gagarin , Gilbert Labelle , Pierre Leroux

We count the number of vertices in plane trees and $k$-ary trees with given outdegree, and prove that the total number of vertices of outdegree $i$ over all plane trees with $n$ edges is ${2n-i-1 \choose n-1}$, and the total number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Rosena R. X. Du , Jia He , Xueli Yun

The Kreweras complementation map is an anti-isomorphism on the lattice of noncrossing partitions. We consider an analogous operation for plane trees motivated by the molecular biology problem of RNA folding. In this context, we explicitly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Christine Heitsch

We consider the process of uncovering the vertices of a random labeled tree according to their labels. First, a labeled tree with $n$ vertices is generated uniformly at random. Thereafter, the vertices are uncovered one by one, in order of…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-01-03 Benjamin Hackl , Alois Panholzer , Stephan Wagner

Labeled infinite trees provide combinatorial interpretations for many integer sequences generated by nested recurrence relations. Typically, such sequences are monotone increasing. Several of these sequences also have straightforward…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Nathan Fox

The classic enumerative functions for counting colorings of a graph $G$, such as the chromatic polynomial $P(G,k)$, do so under the assumption that the given graph is labeled. In 1985, Hanlon defined and studied the chromatic polynomial for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock

We introduce a new method to construct uncountably chromatic graphs from non special trees and ladder systems. Answering a question of P. Erd\H{o}s and A. Hajnal from 1985, we construct graphs of chromatic number $\omega_1$ without…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-11 Dániel T. Soukup

We define and prove isomorphisms between three combinatorial classes involving labeled trees. We also give an alternative proof by means of generating functions.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-14 Ali Chouria , Vlad-Florin Drǎgoi , Jean-Gabriel Luque

We define an algorithm k which takes a connected graph G on a totally ordered vertex set and returns an increasing tree R (which is not necessarily a subtree of G). We characterize the set of graphs G such that k(G)=R. Because this set has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gus Wiseman

We look for partition theorems for large subtrees for suitable uncountable trees and colourings. We concentrate on sub-trees of $^{\kappa \ge} 2$ expanded by a well ordering of each level. Unlike earlier works, we do not ask the embedding…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Saharon Shelah

Using the Lagrange inversion formula, $t$-ary trees are enumerated with respect to edge type (left, middle, right for ternary trees).

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Helmut Prodinger