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The goal of this thesis is to prove that $\pi_4(S^3) \simeq \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ in homotopy type theory. In particular it is a constructive and purely homotopy-theoretic proof. We first recall the basic concepts of homotopy type theory,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2016-06-21 Guillaume Brunerie

We consider two pairs: the standard unknotted $n$-sphere in $S^{n+2}$, and the product of two $p$-spheres trivially embedded in $S^{2p+2}$, and study orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of these pairs. Pseudo-isotopy classes of such…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Nikolai A. Krylov

We recall a group-theoretic description of the first non-vanishing homotopy group of a certain (n+1)-ad of spaces and show how it yields several formulae for homotopy and homology groups of specific spaces. In particular we obtain an…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-09-01 Graham Ellis , Roman Mikhailov

We study the problem of determining the isomorphism classes of the virtually cyclic subgroups of the n-string braid groups B_n(S^2) of the 2-sphere S^2. If n is odd, or if n is even and sufficiently large, we obtain the complete…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-10-29 Daciberg Lima Gonçalves , John Guaschi

Following the theory of principal $\infty$-bundles of Niklaus-Schreiber-Steveson, we develop a homotopy categorification of Hopf algebras, which model quantum groups. We study their higher-representation theory in the setting of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Hank Chen , Florian Girelli

This article is an exposition of certain connections between the braid groups, classical homotopy groups of the 2-sphere, as well as Lie algebras attached to the descending central series of pure braid groups arising as Vassiliev invariants…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2009-04-07 F R Cohen , Jie Wu

In this paper, we introduce the category of brace triples in a braided monoidal setting and prove that it is isomorphic to the category of s-Hopf braces, which are a generalization of cocommutative Hopf braces. After that, we obtain a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-04-15 José Manuel Fernández Vilaboa , Ramón González Rodríguez , Brais Ramos Pérez

Our main result has topological, combinatorial and computational flavor. It is motivated by a fundamental conjecture stating that computing Khovanov homology of a closed braid of fixed number of strands has polynomial time complexity. We…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-05-31 Jozef H. Przytycki , Marithania Silvero

In this paper, we determined the $2,3$-components of the homotopy groups $\pi _{r+k}(\Sigma ^{k}\mathbb{H}P^{2})$ for all $ 7\leq r\leq15$ and all $\;k\geq0$, especially for the unstable ones. And we gave the applications, including the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Juxin Yang , Juno Mukai , Jie Wu

We give two formulas for the generalized Hopf invariant and 4-fold Toda brackets which are useful in computations of homotopy groups of spheres.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2022-01-03 Hideaki Oshima , Katsumi Oshima

We introduce a large class of bicovariant differential calculi on any quantum group $A$, associated to $Ad$-invariant elements. For example, the deformed trace element on $SL_q(2)$ recovers Woronowicz' $4D_\pm$ calculus. More generally, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Tomasz Brzezinski , Shahn Majid

For any natural numbers $k \leq n$, the rational cohomology ring of the space of continuous maps $S^{2k-1} \to S^{2n-1}$ (respectively, $S^{4k-1} \to S^{4n-1}$) equivariant under the Hopf action of the circle (respectively, of the group…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-11-23 V. A. Vassiliev

We show that the $2$-component unlink in $S^4$ admits infinitely many isotopy classes of spanning $3$-disks that are Brunnian.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Weizhe Niu

We determine a set of generators for the Brunnian braids on a general surface $M$ for $M\not=S^2$ or $\RP^2$. For the case $M=S^2$ or $\RP^2$, a set of generators for the Brunnian braids on $M$ is given by our generating set together with…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-04-13 V. G. Bardakov , R. Mikhailov , V. V. Vershinin , J. Wu

We introduce new methods in pseudo-isotopy and embedding space theory. As an application we introduce an invariant that detects nontrivial loops of embedded 2-spheres in $S^{2} \times S^{2}$ and in connected sums of $S^{2} \times S^{2}$.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-05-20 David Gabai , David T. Gay , Daniel Hartman

We study ordered configuration spaces of $n$ hard discs inside a unit disc, and how the topology changes with the radius $r$ of the hard discs. We describe the full homotopy type of this space for all radii when $n = 4$ and exhibit…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Patrick Ramsey

This paper continues the study of finite-type invariants of homology spheres studied by Ohtsuki and Garoufalidis. We apply the surgery classification of links to give a diagrammatic description, using ideas of Ohtsuki. This uses a…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Stavros Garoufalidis , Jerome Levine

We provide a sufficient condition for the nontriviality of the Lipschitz homotopy group of the Heisenberg group, $\pi_m^{Lip}(H_n)$, in terms of properties of the classical homotopy group of the sphere, $\pi_m(S^n)$. As an application we…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Piotr Hajlasz , Armin Schikorra , Jeremy T. Tyson

We provide a simplified approach to the the stable Hopf invariant. We provide short elementary proofs of the Cartan Formula, the Composition Formula, and the Transfer formula. In addition, when $\pi$ is a discrete group, we show how to…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-12 John R. Klein

The unknot U in S^4 has non-unique smooth spanning 3-balls up to isotopy fixing U. Equivalently there are properly embedded non-separating 3-balls in S^1xB^3 not properly isotopic to 1xB^3. More generally there exist non-separating…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-04-28 Ryan Budney , David Gabai
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