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The study of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has undergone a revolution in recent years thanks to the discovery of the first afterglows and host galaxies in May 2005. In this review we summarize our current knowledge of the galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-12-22 Edo Berger , Wen-fai Fong

[Abridged] The study of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) experienced a complete revolution in recent years thanks to the discovery of the first afterglows and host galaxies in May 2005. These observations demonstrated that short GRBs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-17 E. Berger

With multiple observatories and missions being planned for detecting orphaned afterglows associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) we emphasize the importance of developing data analysis strategies for searching their possible counterpart…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-08-29 Shaon Ghosh , Sukanta Bose

I review gamma-ray burst optical/multiwavelength afterglow observations since 1997, when the first counterparts to GRBs were discovered. I discuss what we have learned from multiwavelength observations of GRB afterglows in relation to the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Titus J. Galama

New information on short/hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is being gathered thanks to the discovery of their optical and X-ray afterglows. However, some key aspects are still poorly understood, including the collimation level of the outflow,…

Short-duration Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) (\leq 2{\rm s}) have remained a mystery due to the lack of afterglow detection until recently. The models to interpret short GRBs invoke distinct progenitor scenarios. Here we present a generic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Y. Z. Fan , Bing Zhang , Shiho Kobayashi , Peter Meszaros

Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are explosive transients caused by binary mergers of compact objects containing at least one neutron star. Multi-wavelength afterglow observations provide constraints on the physical parameters of the jet, its…

Despite a rich diversity in observational properties, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be divided into two broad categories based on their duration and spectral hardness -- the long-soft and the short-hard GRBs. The discovery of afterglows from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 E. Berger

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) display a bimodal duration distribution, with a separation between the short- and long-duration bursts at about 2 sec. The progenitors of long GRBs have been identified as massive stars based on their association…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Edo Berger

Optical, infrared and ultraviolet observations of GRB fields have allowed detection of counterparts and host galaxies of the high energy transients, thus crucially contributing to our present knowledge of the GRB phenomenon. Measurements of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elena Pian

Short GRBs are commonly thought to originate from the merging of double compact object binaries but direct evidence for this scenario is still missing. Optical observations of short GRBs allow us to measure redshifts, firmly identify host…

The redshift distribution of the short-duration GRBs is a crucial, but currently fragmentary, clue to the nature of their progenitors. Here we present optical observations of nine short GRBs obtained with Gemini, Magellan, and the Hubble…

I discuss the possibility of differentiating between popular models for gamma-ray bursts by using multiwavelength observations to constrain the characteristics of their host galaxies, in particular the age of the stellar populations.

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ranga-Ram Chary

We review our current understanding of the progenitors of both long and short duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Constraints can be derived from multiple directions, and we use three distinct strands; i) direct observations of GRBs and their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-07 Andrew Levan , Paul Crowther , Richard de Grijs , Norbert Langer , Dong Xu , Sung-Chul Yoon

In an effort to understand the puzzle of classifying gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we perform a systematic study of {\it Swift} GRBs and investigate several short GRB issues. Though short GRBs have a short ($\lesssim2$ s) prompt duration as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-08-24 Lang Shao , Zi-Gao Dai , Yi-Zhong Fan , Fu-Wen Zhang , Zhi-Ping Jin , Da-Ming Wei

We present a comprehensive compilation of short-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands, comprising 150 events discovered primarily by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory over 2005-2023. We pair these…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-29 Cristian Castrejon , Anya E. Nugent , Wen-fai Fong , Genevieve Schroeder , Alicia Rouco Escorial , Olivia Guerra

[abridged] We investigate the afterglow properties and large-scale environments of several short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with sub-arcsecond optical afterglow positions but no bright coincident host galaxies. The purpose of this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 E. Berger

We searched for periodic and quasiperiodic signal in the prompt emission of a sample of 44 bright short gamma-ray bursts detected with Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, and CGRO/BATSE. The aim was to look for the observational signature of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 S. Dichiara , C. Guidorzi , F. Frontera , L. Amati

Observations of GRB afterglows ranging from radio to X-ray frequencies generate large data sets. Careful analysis of these broad-band data can give us insight into the nature of the GRB progenitor population by yielding such information…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Berger , R. Sari , D. A. Frail , S. R. Kulkarni

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow observations have allowed us to significantly constrain the engines producing these energetic explosions. Te redshift and position information provided by these afterglows have already allowed us to limit the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Chris L. Fryer , Gabriel Rockefeller , Patrick A. Young
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