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Related papers: Zero forcing for sign patterns

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We give formulas, in terms of graph theoretical invariants, for the minimum distance and the generalized Hamming weights of the linear code generated by the rows of the incidence matrix of a signed graph over a finite field, and for those…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Jose Martinez-Bernal , Miguel A. Valencia , Rafael H. Villarreal

For a graph G, M(G) denotes the maximum multiplicity occurring of an eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix whose zero-nonzero pattern is given by edges of G. We introduce two combinatorial graph parameters T^-(G) and T^+(G) that give a lower and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-06 Keivan Hassani Monfared , Sudipta Mallik

We consider bounds on maximum nullity of a graph via transversal numbers of compatible collections of forts. Results include generalizations of theorems from symmetric to combinatorially symmetric matrices, special bases of matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Veronika Furst , John Hutchens , Lon Mitchell , Yaqi Zhang

Motivated by a conjecture from the automated conjecturing program TxGraffiti, in this paper the relationship between the zero forcing number, $Z(G)$, and the vertex independence number, $\alpha(G)$, of cubic and subcubic graphs is explored.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-04 Houston Schuerger , Nathan Warnberg , Michael Young

A connected forcing set of a graph is a zero forcing set that induces a connected subgraph. In this paper, we introduce and study CF-dense graphs -- graphs in which every vertex belongs to some minimum connected forcing set. We identify…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Boris Brimkov , Randy Davila , Houston Schuerger

Zero forcing (also called graph infection) on a simple, undirected graph $G$ is based on the color-change rule: If each vertex of $G$ is colored either white or black, and vertex $v$ is a black vertex with only one white neighbor $w$, then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-21 Leslie Hogben , My Huynh , Nicole Kingsley , Sarah Meyer , Shanise Walker , Michael Young

In 2018, forts were defined as non-empty subsets of vertices in a graph where no vertex outside the set has exactly one neighbor in the set. Forts have since been used to characterize zero forcing sets, model zero forcing as an integer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Boris Brimkov , Thomas R. Cameron , Owen Grubbs

We introduce a family of forcing notions that are helpful in showing that certain graphs do not have countable colourings of (additive) Borel class alpha. We construct graphs that are ''weakly minimal'' for such colourings.

General Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Noam Greenberg , Dominique Lecomte , Dan Turetsky , Miroslav Zelen

Irredundance has been studied in the context of dominating sets, via the concept of private neighbor. Here irredundance of zero forcing sets is introduced via the concept of a private fort and the upper and lower zero forcing irrdedundance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Bryan A. Curtis , Leslie Hogben , Adriana Roux

A novel lower bound is introduced for the full rank probability of random finite field matrices, where a number of elements with known location are identically zero, and remaining elements are chosen independently of each other, uniformly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Daniel Salmond , Alex Grant , Ian Grivell , Terence Chan

Cicho\'n's diagram describes the connections between combinatorial notions related to measure, category, and compactness of sets of irrational numbers. In the second part of the 2010's, Goldstern, Kellner and Shelah constructed a forcing…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Diego A. Mejía

We introduce techniques for proving uniform termination of graph transformation systems, based on matrix interpretations for string rewriting. We generalize this technique by adapting it to graph rewriting instead of string rewriting and by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-12 H. J. Sander Bruggink , Barbara König , Dennis Nolte , Hans Zantema

In this paper we introduce the nullity of signed graphs, and give some results on the nullity of signed graphs with pendant trees. We characterize the unicyclic signed graphs of order n with nullity n-2; n-3; n-4; n-5 respectively.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-21 Yi-Zheng Fan , Yue Wang , Yi Wang

Harary et al. and Klein and Randic proposed the forcing number of a perfect matching in mathematics and chemistry, respectively. In detail, the forcing number of a perfect matching M of a graph G is the smallest cardinality of subsets of M…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-11 Shuang Zhao

Let $\mathcal{SN}$ be the $\sigma$-ideal of the strong measure zero sets of reals. We present general properties of forcing notions that allow to control of the additivity of $\mathcal{SN}$ after finite support iterations. This is applied…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Jörg Brendle , Miguel A. Cardona , Diego A. Mejía

Let $G = (V,E)$ be a graph and $k \ge 0$ an integer. A $k$-independent set $S \subseteq V$ is a set of vertices such that the maximum degree in the graph induced by $S$ is at most $k$. With $\alpha_k(G)$ we denote the maximum cardinality of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-24 Yair Caro , Adriana Hansberg

We study the effect of external forcing on the saddle-node bifurcation pattern of interval maps. By replacing fixed points of unperturbed maps by invariant graphs, we obtain direct analogues to the classical result both for random forcing…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-05-26 Vasso Anagnostopoulou , Tobias Jäger

We present a sufficient condition for irreducibility of forcing algebras and study the (non)-reducedness phenomenon. Furthermore, we prove a criterion for normality for forcing algebras over a polynomial base ring with coefficients in a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-07-28 Danny A. J. Gomez-Ramirez , Holger Brenner

Product throttling answers the question of minimizing the product of the resources needed to accomplish a task, and the time in which it takes to accomplish the task. In product throttling for positive semidefinite zero forcing, task that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Esther Conrad

In this paper, we study a dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph $G$ that starts with an initial subset $S$ of colored vertices, with all remaining vertices being non-colored. At each discrete time interval, a colored vertex with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-27 Randy Davila , Michael Henning