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Entanglement is an invaluable resource for fundamental tests of physics and the implementation of quantum information protocols such as device-independent secure communications. In particular, time-bin entanglement is widely exploited to…

Quantum communication relies on the efficient generation of entanglement between remote quantum nodes, due to entanglement's key role in achieving and verifying secure communications. Remote entanglement has been realized using a number of…

Device-independent (DI) quantum communication will require a loophole-free violation of Bell inequalities. In typical scenarios where line-of-sight between the communicating parties is not available, it is convenient to use energy-time…

High-dimensional quantum entanglement can enrich the functionality of quantum information processing. For example, it can enhance the channel capacity for linear optic superdense coding and decrease the error rate threshold of quantum key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-22 Takuya Ikuta , Hiroki Takesue

We report the first experimental realization of entanglement swapping over large distances in optical fibers. Two photons separated by more than two km of optical fibers are entangled, although they never directly interacted. We use two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 H. de Riedmatten , I. Marcikic , J. A. W. van Houwelingen , W. Tittel , H. Zbinden , N. Gisin

Long-distance Bell-type experiments are presented. The different experimental challenges and their solutions in order to maintain the strong quantum correlations between energy-time entangled photons over more than 10 km are reported and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 W. Tittel , J. Brendel , N. Gisin , H. Zbinden

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) is an essential ingredient in quantum communication, owing to the property of source-independent security and the potential on constructing large-scale quantum communication networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Jingyuan Liu , Zhihao Lin , Dongning Liu , Xue Feng , Fang Liu , Kaiyu Cui , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

Energy-time entangled biphoton source plays a great role in quantum communication, quantum metrology and quantum cryptography due to its strong temporal correlation and capability of nonlocal dispersion cancellation. As a quantum effect,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-06 Baihong Li , Feiyan Hou , Runai Quan , Ruifang Dong , Lixing You , Hao Li , Xiao Xiang , Tao Liu , Shougang Zhang

Entanglement represents one of the most important conceptual advances in physics during the last century and is also one of the most essential resources in quantum information science. However, entanglement is fragile and its potential…

Entanglement is the key resource for many long-range quantum information tasks, including secure communication and fundamental tests of quantum physics. These tasks require robust verification of shared entanglement, but performing it over…

Entanglement distribution is a critical technique that enables numerous quantum applications. Most fiber-based long-distance experiments reported to date have utilized photon pair sources generated in bulk optical crystals, with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 Yuan-yuan Zhao , Fuyong Yue , Feng Gao , Qibing Wang , Chao Li , Zichen Liu , Lei Wang , Zhixue He

We report experimental distribution of time-bin entangled qubits over 50 km of optical fibers. Using actively stabilized preparation and measurement devices we demonstrate violation of the CHSH Bell inequality by more than 15 standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 I. Marcikic , H. de Riedmatten , W. Tittel , H. Zbinden , M. Legre , N. Gisin

Certifying genuine nonclassical correlations over long distances is crucial for device-independent (DI) quantum information protocols. However, in photonic platforms this remains technologically challenging due to photon loss, which opens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yazeed K. Alwehaibi , Ewan Mer , Gerard J. Machado , Shang Yu , Ian A. Walmsley , Raj B. Patel

Long-distance entanglement distribution is the key task for quantum networks, enabling applications such as secure communication and distributed quantum computing. Here we report on novel developments extending the reach for sharing…

Entanglement is a major resource in advanced quantum technology, where it can enable secure exchange of information over large distances. Energy-time entanglement is particularly attractive for its beneficial robustness in fiber-based…

Bell inequalities are a cornerstone of quantum physics. By carefully selecting measurement bases (typically polarization), their violation certifies quantum entanglement. Such measurements are disrupted by the presence of optical disorder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Baptiste Courme , Malo Joly , Adrian Makowski , Sylvain Gigan , Hugo Defienne

High-dimensional entanglement has demonstrated potential for increasing channel capacity and resistance to noise in quantum information processing. However, its distribution is a challenging task, imposing a severe restriction on its…

The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces one to abandon a local realistic worldview, namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined prior to and independent of measurement and…

The Quantum Internet, a network of quantum-enabled infrastructure, represents the next frontier in telecommunications, promising capabilities that cannot be attained by classical counterparts. A crucial step in realizing such large-scale…

Entanglement distribution over long distances is essential for many quantum communication schemes like quantum teleportation, some variants of quantum key distribution, or implementations of a quantum internet. Distributing entanglement…

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