Related papers: Second quantization and gauge invariance
We consider a model of classical noncommutative particle in an external electromagnetic field. For this model, we prove the existence of generalized gauge transformations. Classical dynamics in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian form is discussed,…
We introduce topological gauge fields as nontrivial field configurations enforced by topological currents. These fields crucially determine the form of statistical gauge fields that couple to matter and transmute their statistics. We…
We present a method for constructing gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations which are gauge-invariant up to second order. As an example we give the gauge-invariant definition of the second-order curvature perturbation on uniform density…
Contrary to the conventional view point of quantization that breaks the gauge symmetry, a gauge invariant formulation of quantum electrodynamics is proposed. Instead of fixing the gauge, some frame is chosen to yield the locally invariant…
Theoretical descriptions of observable quantities in cosmological perturbation theory should be independent of coordinate systems. This statement is often referred to as gauge-invariance of observable quantities, and the sanity of their…
Second quantization of a classical nonrelativistic one-particle system as a deformation quantization of the Schrodinger spinless field is considered. Under the assumption that the phase space of the Schrodinger field is $C^{\infty}$, both,…
Gauge theories formulated in a space-time manifold that includes compact extra dimensions can show a nontrivial gauge structure. Depending on whether the gauge parameters propagate or not in the extra dimensions, two different Kaluza--Klein…
It is well-known that if we gauge a $\mathbb{Z}_n$ symmetry in two dimensions, a dual $\mathbb{Z}_n$ symmetry appears, such that re-gauging this dual $\mathbb{Z}_n$ symmetry leads back to the original theory. We describe how this can be…
We introduce an equation named matrix Dirac equation which can be considered as a generalization of Dirac equation for an electron. The liaison between matrix Dirac equation and standard Dirac equation is discussed. We write a lagrangian…
Quantization of field theories with gauge symmetry is an extensively discussed and well-established topic. In this short note, we revisit this old problem. While we confirm all details of the existing literature, we highlight a potentially…
We study how canonical transfomations in first quantized string theory can be understood as gauge transformations in string field theory. We establish this fact by working out some examples. As a by product, we could identify some of the…
In order for Dirac theory to be gauge invariant it can be shown that the Schwinger term must be zero. However, it can also be shown that for the vacuum state to be the lowest energy state the Schwinger term must be nonzero. Therefore there…
A modification of the canonical quantization procedure for systems with time-dependent second-class constraints is discussed and applied to the quantization of the relativistic particle in a plane wave. The time dependence of constraints…
We argue that the quantized non-Abelian gauge theory can be obtained as the infrared limit of the corresponding classical gauge theory in a higher dimension. We show how the transformation from classical to quantum field theory emerges and…
We present a manifestly Lorentz- and SO(2)-Duality-invariant local Quantum Field Theory of electric charges, Dirac magnetic monopoles and dyons. The manifest invariances are achieved by means of the PST-mechanism. The dynamics for classical…
We perform a general computation of the off-shell one-loop divergences in Einstein gravity, in a two-parameter family of path integral measures, corresponding to different ways of parametrizing the graviton field, and a two-parameter family…
In gauge theories, physical histories are represented by space-time connections modulo gauge transformations. The space of histories is thus intrinsically non-linear. The standard framework of constructive quantum field theory has to be…
We consider a general reducible gauge theory deformed by mass or/and interaction terms violating gauge invariance. It is shown that in the Abelian case, by using the Stueckelberg-type procedure, this theory with broken gauge symmetry can be…
Dirac's quantization of the Maxwell theory on non-commutative spaces has been considered. First class constraints were found which are the same as in classical electrodynamics. The gauge covariant quantization of the non-linear equations of…
The hypothesis is suggested that the equation for the Dirac free wave field is, in fact, a group-theoretical relation describing propagation of specific microscopic deviations of space geometry from the euclidean one (closed topological…