Related papers: Second quantization and gauge invariance
We investigate certain invariance properties of quantum fluids subject to a nonlinear gauge potential. In particular, we derive the covariant transformation laws for the nonlinear potentials under a space-time Galilean boost and consider…
The geometric properties of General Relativity are reconsidered as a particular nonlinear interaction of fields on a flat background where the perceived geometry and coordinates are "physical" entities that are interpolated by a patchwork…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities, such as the vacuum current, are calculated the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed…
The problem of understanding the role of large gauge transformations in thermal field theories has recently inspired a number of studies of a one dimensional field theory. Such work has led to the conclusion that gauge invariance is…
Gauge invariance was discovered in the development of classical electromagnetism and was required when the latter was formulated in terms of the scalar and vector potentials. It is now considered to be a fundamental principle of nature,…
Second-order tensor perturbations induced by primordial fluctuations play a crucial role in probing small-scale physics, but gauge dependence of their energy density has remained a fundamental challenge in cosmological perturbation theory.…
Geometrical interpretation on U(1) gage theory of Dirac monopole, introduced here from the line integral\cite{Brandt} form of vector potentials, shows the gauge representation be multi-valued. In this paper, we construct Euclidean form of…
As in the case of the other gauge field theories, there is so called ``gauge'' also in general relativity. This ``gauge'' is unphysical degree of freedom. There are two kinds of ``gauges'' in general relativity. These are called the first-…
The constrained Hamiltonian systems admitting no gauge conditions are considered. The methods to deal with such systems are discussed and developed. As a concrete application, the relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space…
We show that all important features of 2d gravity coupled to $c<1$ matter can be easily understood from the canonical quantization approach a la Dirac. Furthermore, we construct a canonical transformation which maps the theory into a…
We derive a Lagrangian density of Dirac field by employing the local gauge invariance and the Maxwell equation as the fundamental principle. The only assumption made here is that the fermion field should have four components. The present…
Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are generally thought to be equivalent. In fact field theory can be derived from hole theory through the process of second quantization. However, it can be shown that problems worked in both…
The relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space quantizations is investigated for spin models belonging to the class of Hamiltonian systems having no gauge conditions. It is traced out that the two quantization methods may give…
Gauging and duality transformations, two of the most useful tools in many-body physics, are shown to be equivalent up to constant depth quantum circuits in the case of one-dimensional quantum lattice models. This is demonstrated by making…
A pedagogical introduction to some of the main ideas and results of field theories on quantized spacetimes is presented, with emphasis on what such field theories may teach us about the problem of quantizing gravity. We examine to what…
In the Dirac theory of the quantum-mechanical interaction of a magnetic monopole and an electric charge, the vector potential is singular from the origin to infinity along certain direction - the so called Dirac string. Imposing the famous…
Finite gauge transformations in double field theory can be defined by the exponential of generalized Lie derivatives. We interpret these transformations as `generalized coordinate transformations' in the doubled space by proposing and…
Several complications arise in quantum field theory because of the infinite many degrees of freedom. However, the distinction between one-particle and many-particle effects -- mainly induced by the vacuum -- is not clear up to now. A field…
We construct a classical field theory action which upon quantization via the functional integral approach, gives rise to a consistent Dirac-string independent quantum field theory. The approach entails a systematic derivation of the…
It is shown that all possible gravitational, gauge and other interactions experienced by particles in ordinary d-dimensions (one-time) can be described in the language of two-time physics in a spacetime with d+2 dimensions. This is obtained…