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We study oriented connected closed polyhedral surfaces with non-degenerate triangular faces in three-dimensional Euclidean space, calling them polyhedra for short. A polyhedron is called flexible if its spatial shape can be changed…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Victor Alexandrov

Given a polyhedral surface, assume that it is prohibited to change the shape and size of any face but it is permissible to change the dihedral angles between the faces. A polyhedral surface is said to be flexible if it is possible to change…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Victor Alexandrov

For flexibility of an octahedron we find necessary metric conditions in terms of edge lengths. These conditions yield a new description of Bricard's octahedra, suitable for solving some problems in metric geometry of octahedra, in…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Sergey Mikhalev

We demonstrate the existence of four types of flexible prismatic polyhedra that can be derived or inferred from a consideration of Bricard octahedra and generalizations of Bricard octahedra. These flexible polyhedra are of genus 0 and 1,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-09 Gerald D. Nelson

In 1996 I.Kh. Sabitov proved that the volume of a simplicial polyhedron in a 3-dimensional Euclidean space is a root of certain polynomial with coefficients depending on the combinatorial type and on edge lengths of the polyhedron only.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-05-20 Alexander A. Gaifullin

A flexible polyhedron in an n-dimensional space of constant curvature, namely, in the Euclidean space, or in the Lobachevsky space, or in the sphere, is a polyhedron with rigid (n-1)-dimensional faces and hinges at (n-2)-dimensional faces.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Alexander A. Gaifullin

The bellows conjecture claims that the volume of any flexible polyhedron of dimension 3 or higher is constant during the flexion. The bellows conjecture was proved for flexible polyhedra in the Euclidean spaces of dimensions 3 and higher,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Alexander A. Gaifullin

In 1996 Sabitov proved that the volume of an arbitrary simplicial polyhedron P in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space $\R^3$ satisfies a monic (with respect to V) polynomial relation F(V,l)=0, where l denotes the set of the squares of edge…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Alexander A. Gaifullin

We investigate a novel setting for polytope rigidity, where a flex must preserve edge lengths and the planarity of faces, but is allowed to change the shapes of faces. For instance, the regular cube is flexible in this notion. We present…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Matthias Himmelmann , Bernd Schulze , Martin Winter

We discuss some recent results on flexible polyhedra and the bellows conjecture, which claims that the volume of any flexible polyhedron is constant during the flexion. Also, we survey main methods and several open problems in this area.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Alexander A. Gaifullin

We study a class of mechanisms known as Kokotsakis polyhedra with a quadrangular base. These are $3\times3$ quadrilateral meshes whose faces are rigid bodies and joined by hinges at the common edges. In contrast to existing work, the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Yang Liu

We prove that, both in the hyperbolic and spherical 3-spaces, there exist nonconvex compact boundary-free polyhedral surfaces without selfintersections which admit nontrivial continuous deformations preserving all dihedral angles and study…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-09-10 Victor Alexandrov

We construct a sphere-homeomorphic flexible self-intersection free polyhedron in Euclidean 3-space such that all its dihedral angles change during some flex of this polyhedron. The constructed polyhedron has 26 vertices, 72 edges and 48…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Victor Alexandrov , Evgenii Volokitin

Two basic theorems of the theory of flexible polyhedra were proven by completely different methods: R. Alexander used analysis, namely, the Stokes theorem, to prove that the total mean curvature remains constant during the flex, while I.Kh.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-02-22 Victor Alexandrov

We show the existence of families of periodic polyhedra in spaces of constant curvature whose fundamental domains can be obtained by attaching prisms and antiprisms to Archimedean solids. These polyhedra have constant discrete curvature and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Christina Duffield , Daniel Freese , William Holt , Matthias Weber , Ramazan Yol

We construct examples of embedded flexible cross-polytopes in the spheres of all dimensions. These examples are interesting from two points of view. First, in dimensions 4 and higher, they are the first examples of embedded flexible…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Alexander A. Gaifullin

Kokotsakis studied the following problem in 1932: Given is a rigid closed polygonal line (planar or non-planar), which is surrounded by a polyhedral strip, where at each polygon vertex three faces meet. Determine the geometries of these…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Georg Nawratil

In this paper we define and study the billiard problem on bounded regions on surfaces of constant curvature. We show that this problem defines a 2-dimensional conservative and reversible dynamical system, defined by a Twist diffeomorphism,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-06-14 Luciano Coutinho dos Santos , Sonia Pinto-de-Carvalho

In 2014 the author showed that in the three-dimensional spherical space, alongside with three classical types of flexible octahedra constructed by Bricard, there exists a new type of flexible octahedra, which was called exotic. In the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Alexander A. Gaifullin

This paper investigates the rigidity of bordered polyhedral surfaces. Using the variational principle, we show that bordered polyhedral surfaces are determined by boundary value and discrete curvatures on the interior edges. As a corollary,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Te Ba , Shengyu Li , Yaping Xu
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