Related papers: Harmonic mean as a determinant of the genetic code
The comparison of alternative rankings of a set of items is a general and prominent task in applied statistics. Predictor variables are ranked according to magnitude of association with an outcome, prediction models rank subjects according…
Musical chords, harmonies or melodies in Just Intonation have note frequencies which are described by a base frequency multiplied by rational numbers. For any local section, these notes can be converted to some base frequency multiplied by…
The mean length and the variability of coding sequences for 48 genomes of bacteria and archaea were analyzed. It was found that the plotted data can be described by an angular area. This suggests the followings: a) The variability of a…
Summation by parts is used to find the sum of a finite series of generalized harmonic numbers involving a specific polynomial or rational function. The Euler-Maclaurin formula for sums of powers is used to find the sums of some finite…
An optimization technique is used to determine the pairwise interactions between amino acids in globular proteins. A numerical strategy is applied to a set of proteins for maximizing the native fold stability with respect to alternative…
The genetic code has been shown to be very error robust compared to randomly selected codes, but to be significantly less error robust than a certain code found by a heuristic algorithm. We formulate this optimisation problem as a Quadratic…
Intermittent density fluctuations of nucleotide molecules (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine) along DNA sequences are studied in the framework of a hierarchical structure (HS) model originally proposed for the study of fully developed…
Levine defined the rational algebraic knot concordance group and proved that each nontrivial element is of order two, of order four, or of infinite order. The determination of the order of an element depends on a p-adic analysis for all…
A quantitative theory on the construction and the evolution of the genetic code is proposed. Through introducing the concept of mutational deterioration (MD) and developing a theoretical formalism on MD minimization we have proved: 1, the…
Several prior works have proposed various methods for the task of automatic melody harmonization, in which a model aims to generate a sequence of chords to serve as the harmonic accompaniment of a given multiple-bar melody sequence. In this…
An approach for approximately calculating the number of genes in a genome is presented, which takes into account the average protein length expected for the species. A number of virus, bacterial and eukaryotic genomes are scrutinized.…
Requiring stability of genetic code against translation errors, modelised by suitable mathematical operators in the crystal basis model of the genetic code, the main features of the organisation in multiplets of the mitochondrial and of the…
The genome-wide recombination rate ($RR$) of a species is often described by one parameter, the ratio between total genetic map length ($G$) and physical map length ($P$), measured in centiMorgans per Megabase (cM/Mb). The value of this…
This document contains large-format Adams charts that compute 2-complete stable homotopy groups, both in the classical context and in the motivic context over C. The charts are essentially complete through the 61-stem and contain partial…
In the last few decades, the human allosomes are engrossed in an intensive attention among researchers. The allosomes are now already been sequenced and found there are about 2000 and 78 genes in human X and Y chromosomes respectively. The…
This paper introduces new tools for genomic signal processing, which can assist for genomic attribute extracting or describing biologically meaningful features embedded in a DNA. The codongrams and a2grams are offered as an alternative to…
Although several synonymous codons can encode the same aminoacid, this symmetry is generally broken in natural genetic systems. In this article, we show that the symmetry breaking can result from selective pressures due to the violation of…
Modelising the translation errors by suitable mathematical operators in the crystal basis model of the genetic code and requiring that codons prone to be misread encode the same amino-acid, the main features of the organisation in…
In the crystal basis model of the genetic code, it is deduced that the sum of usage probabilities of the codons with C and A in the third position for the quartets and/or sextets is independent of the biological species for vertebrates. A…
We map the Hilbert space of the quantum Harmonic oscillator to the space of Glauber's $n$th-order intensity correlators, in effect showing "the correlations between the correlators" for a random sampling of the quantum states. In…