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Quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum communication enable the secure exchange of information between remote parties. Currently, the distributed-phase-reference (DPR) protocols, which are based on weak coherent pulses, are among the…

We investigate the use of photon number states to identify eavesdropping attacks on quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. The technique is based on the fact that different photon numbers traverse a channel with different transmittivity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daryl Achilles , Ekaterina Rogacheva , Alexei Trifonov

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an attractive solution for secure communication. However, channel disturbance severely limits its application when a QKD system is transfered from the laboratory to the field. Here, a high-speed…

Quantum key distributions (QKD) systems often rely on polarization of light for encoding, thus limiting the amount of information that can be sent per photon and placing tight bounds on the error that such a system can tolerate. Here we…

With the emergence of an information society, the idea of protecting sensitive data is steadily gaining importance. Conventional encryption methods may not be sufficient to guarantee data protection in the future. Quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-20 Nitin Jain , Birgit Stiller , Imran Khan , Dominique Elser , Christoph Marquardt , Gerd Leuchs

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face security vulnerabilities due to device imperfections. Recent advances have separately addressed source and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Shlok Nahar , Devashish Tupkary

Quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to generate secure private keys shared by two remote parties. With its security being protected by principles of quantum mechanics, some technology challenges remain towards practical application of QKD.…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique to establish a secret key between two parties through a quantum channel. Several QKD protocols have been proposed and implemented over optical fibers or free space links. The main challenge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Mitali Sisodia , Omshankar , Vivek Venkataraman , Joyee Ghosh

Quantum key distribution (QKD) uniquely allows distribution of cryptographic keys with security verified by quantum mechanical limits. Both protocol execution and subsequent applications require the assistance of classical data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-04 K. A. Patel , J. F. Dynes , I. Choi , A. W. Sharpe , A. R. Dixon , Z. L. Yuan , R. V. Penty , A. J. Shields

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely threatened by discrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions. Recently, a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to provide security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Jie Gu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yao Fu , Zong-Wu He , Ze-Jie Yin , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) promises ultra-long secure key distribution which surpasses the rate distance limit and can reduce the number of the trusted nodes in long-haul quantum network. Tremendous efforts have been made…

Round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (RRDPS QKD) has been proposed to raise the noise tolerability of the channel. However, in practice, the measurement device in RRDPS QKD may be imperfect. Here, we show that, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Zhu Cao , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han

Twin-Field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a novel QKD approach whose principal merit is to beat the point-to-point private capacity of a lossy quantum channel, thanks to performing single-photon interference in an untrusted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Federico Grasselli , Marcos Curty

Device-independent quantum key distribution protocols allow two honest users to establish a secret key with minimal levels of trust on the provider, as security is proven without any assumption on the inner working of the devices used for…

An energy-time entanglement-based dispersive optics quantum key distribution (DO-QKD) is demonstrated experimentally over optical fibers of 20 km. In the experiment, the telecom band energy-time entangled photon pairs are generated through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Xu Liu , Xin Yao , Heqing Wang , Hao Li , Zhen Wang , Lixing You , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote parties to share information-theoretically secure keys. In recent years, a revolutionary breakthrough called twin-field (TF) QKD has been developed to overcome the linear key-rate constraint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-24 Yao Zhou , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Rui-Qiang Wang , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically offers unconditional security. Unfortunately, the gap between theory and practice threatens side-channel attacks on practical QKD systems. Many well-known QKD protocols use weak coherent laser…

We analyze the security of two-way quantum key distribution using arbitrary finite-dimensional systems, considering both individual and collective eavesdropping attacks, without the effective use of entangled states, by incorporating two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Abhishek Muhuri , Ayan Patra , Rivu Gupta , Tamoghna Das , Aditi Sen De

We propose two quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on Bell's inequality, which can be considered as modified time-reversed E91 protocol. Similar to the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-29 Hua-Lei Yin , Yao Fu , Yan-Lin Tang , Yuan Li , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Coherent-one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD), which requires a simple experimental setup and has the ability to withstand photon-number-splitting attacks, has been not only experimentally implemented but also commercially applied.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Rui-Qi Gao , Yuan-Mei Xie , Jie Gu , Wen-Bo Liu , Chen-Xun Weng , Bing-Hong Li , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen