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The lac operon in Escherichia coli has been studied extensively and is one of the earliest gene systems found to undergo both positive and negative control. The lac operon is known to exhibit bistability, in the sense that the operon is…
Membrane targeting domains play crucial roles in the association of signalling molecules to the plasma membrane. For most peripheral proteins, the protein-to-membrane interaction is transient. After proteins dissociate from the membrane…
NF-{\kappa}B, one of key regulators of inflammation, apoptosis, and differentiation, was found to have noisy oscillatory shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in single cells when cells are stimulated by cytokine TNF{\alpha}. We…
The molecular network in an organism consists of transcription/translation regulation, protein-protein interactions/modifications and a metabolic network, together forming a system that allows the cell to respond sensibly to the multiple…
Under an external field a double-stranded peptide chain can separate in a fragile or ductile transition. It is usually believed that these two regimes are driven either by chemical and thermal fields, or through non-local mechanical…
The steady-state current-voltage response of ion-selective systems varies as the number of ion-selective components is varied. For the highly investigated unipolar system, including only one ion-selective component, it has been shown that…
The point defect thermodynamics in a general family of binary compounds, including B2 compounds as a specific representative, are classified by way of two non-trivial energy parameters. The scheme is applied to published ab initio defect…
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is one of the most important mechanisms of information propagation in the body. In embryogenesis the interplay between Ca2+ signalling and mechanical forces is critical to the healthy development of an embryo but…
The Fluid Mosaic Model by Singer & Nicolson proposes that biological membranes consist of a fluid lipid layer into which integral proteins are embedded. The lipid membrane acts as a two-dimensional liquid in which the proteins can diffuse…
Left-right axis specification establishes embryonic laterality through asymmetric signaling cascades originating at the cellular scale. We previously reported the presence of a directionality bias in confined pairs of endothelial (and…
Primary lymphoid follicles in secondary lymphoid tissue of mammals are the backbone for the formation of follicular dendritic cell networks. These are important for germinal center reactions. In the context of organogenesis molecular…
The intracellular environment is a dynamic space filled with various organelles moving in all directions. Included in this diverse group of organelles are vesicles, which are involved in transport of molecular cargo throughout the cell.…
In this note, we recall the definition of the binary branching model with Moran type interactions (BBMMI) introduced in [8]. In this interacting particle system, particles evolve, reproduce and die independently and, with a probability that…
Biomembranes wrapping cells and organelles are not only the partitions that separate the insides but also dynamic fields for biological functions accompanied by membrane shape changes. In this review, we discuss the spatiotemporal patterns…
Dendritic cells are known to be activated by a wide range of microbial products, leading to cytokine production and increased levels of membrane markers such as major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Such activated dendritic…
Living organisms rely on molecular networks, such as gene circuits and signaling pathways, for information processing and robust decision-making in crowded, noisy environments. Recent advances show that interacting biomolecules…
Haematopoiesis is the process of generation of blood cells. Lymphopoiesis generates lymphocytes, the cells in charge of the adaptive immune response. Disruptions of this process are associated with diseases like leukaemia, which is…
Understanding cell fate selection remains a central challenge in developmental biology. We present a class of simple yet biologically-motivated mathematical models for cell differentiation that generically generate oscillations and hence…
A perturbation framework is developed to analyze metastable behavior in stochastic processes with random internal and external states. The process is assumed to be under weak noise conditions, and the case where the deterministic limit is…
Interconnected ensembles of biological entities are perhaps some of the most complex systems that modern science has encountered so far. In particular, scientists have concentrated on understanding how the complexity of the interacting…