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We develop a theory and accompanying mathematical model for quantum communication via any number of intermediate entanglement swapping operations and solve numerically for up to three intermediate entanglement swapping operations. Our model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Aeysha Khalique , Barry C. Sanders

We propose a scheme for long-distance quantum communication where the elementary entanglement is generated through two-photon interference and quantum swapping is performed through one-photon interference. Local "polarization" maximally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-03 Fang-Yu Hong , Shi-Jie Xiong , W. H. Tang

We develop a model for practical, entanglement-based long-distance quantum key distribution employing entanglement swapping as a key building block. Relying only on existing off-the-shelf technology, we show how to optimize resources so as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-23 Artur Scherer , Barry C. Sanders , Wolfgang Tittel

We present our approach for sharing photons and assessing resultant four-photon visibility between two distant parties using concatenated entanglement swapping. In addition we determine the corresponding key generation rate and the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Aeysha Khalique , Barry C. Sanders

Entanglement swapping between photon pairs is a fundamental building block in schemes using quantum relays or quantum repeaters to overcome the range limits of long-distance quantum key distribution. We develop a closed-form solution for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-01 Artur Scherer , Regina B. Howard , Barry C. Sanders , Wolfgang Tittel

We develop a theory for long-distance quantum key distribution based on concatenated entanglement swapping using parametric down-conversion sources and show numerical results of our model. The model incorporates practical resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-09 Aeysha Khalique , Barry C. Sanders

A key goal of quantum communication is to determine the maximum number of bits shared between two quantum systems. An important example of this is in entanglement based quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. A realistic treatment of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Thomas Brougham , Stephen M. Barnett

To realize long-distance quantum communication, it is crucial to design quantum repeater architectures that can deal with transmission losses and operational errors. Code concatenation of photonic graph codes is a promising way to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Love Pettersson , Anders S. Sørensen

The radiation-pressure interaction between electromagnetic fields and mechanical resonators can be used to efficiently entangle two light fields which couple to a single mechanical mode. We analyze the performance of this process under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-03 Muhammad Asjad , Stefano Zippilli , Paolo Tombesi , David Vitali

Entanglement shared between distant parties is a key resource in quantum networks. However, photon losses in quantum channels significantly reduce the success probability of entanglement sharing, which scales quadratically with the channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Wan Zo , Bohdan Bilash , Donghwa Lee , Yosep Kim , Hyang-Tag Lim , Kyunghwan Oh , Syed M. Assad , Yong-Su Kim

Entanglement appears under two different forms in quantum theory, namely as a property of states of joint systems and as a property of measurement eigenstates in joint measurements. By combining these two aspects of entanglement, it is…

We consider the problem of creating a long-distance entangled state between two stations of a network, where neighboring nodes are connected by noisy quantum channels. We show that any two stations can share an entangled pair if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-19 S. Perseguers , L. Jiang , N. Schuch , F. Verstraete , M. D. Lukin , J. I. Cirac , K. G. H. Vollbrecht

A long-distance quantum network for distributing entangled states would support novel information applications, such as unconditionally secure cryptography and distributed quantum computing. Realizing such a network requires hardware that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-18 Cody Jones , Kristiaan De Greve , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

We report the first experimental realization of entanglement swapping over large distances in optical fibers. Two photons separated by more than two km of optical fibers are entangled, although they never directly interacted. We use two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 H. de Riedmatten , I. Marcikic , J. A. W. van Houwelingen , W. Tittel , H. Zbinden , N. Gisin

Entanglement appears in two different ways in quantum mechanics, namely as a property of states and as a property of measurement outcomes in joint measurements. By combining these two aspects of entanglement, it is possible to generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-26 Nicolas Brunner , Cyril Branciard , Nicolas Gisin , Denis Rosset

The use of satellites to distribute entangled photon pairs (and single photons) provides a unique solution for long-distance quantum communication networks. This overcomes the principle limitations of Earth-bound technology, i.e. the narrow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Markus Aspelmeyer , Thomas Jennewein , Martin Pfennigbauer , Walter Leeb , Anton Zeilinger

Entanglement distribution is a critical technique that enables numerous quantum applications. Most fiber-based long-distance experiments reported to date have utilized photon pair sources generated in bulk optical crystals, with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 Yuan-yuan Zhao , Fuyong Yue , Feng Gao , Qibing Wang , Chao Li , Zichen Liu , Lei Wang , Zhixue He

In a distributed quantum computer scalability is accomplished by networking together many elementary nodes. Typically the network is optical and inter-node entanglement involves photon detection. In complex networks the entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Simon C. Benjamin , Joseph Fitzsimons

Entanglement swapping generates remote quantum correlations between particles that have not interacted and is the cornerstone of long-distance quantum communication, quantum networks, and fundamental tests of quantum science. In the context…

Quantum computing and quantum communication, have been greatly developed in recent years and expected to contribute to quantum internet technologies, including cloud quantum computing and unconditionally secure communication. However,…

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