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I present a single algorithm which solves the clique problems, "What is the largest size clique?", "What are all the maximal cliques?" and the decision problem, "Does a clique of size k exist?" for any given graph in polynomial time. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Michael LaPlante

Finding complete subgraphs in a graph, that is, cliques, is a key problem and has many real-world applications, e.g., finding communities in social networks, clustering gene expression data, modeling ecological niches in food webs, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-01 Melisew Tefera Belachew , Nicolas Gillis

In Clique Cover, given a graph $G$ and an integer $k$, the task is to partition the vertices of $G$ into $k$ cliques. Clique Cover on unit ball graphs has a natural interpretation as a clustering problem, where the objective function is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Tomohiro Koana , Nidhi Purohit , Kirill Simonov

The congested clique model of distributed computing has been receiving attention as a model for densely connected distributed systems. While there has been significant progress on the side of upper bounds, we have very little in terms of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Janne H. Korhonen , Jukka Suomela

A graph $G$ is called $C_4$-free if it does not contain the cycle $C_4$ as an induced subgraph. Hubenko, Solymosi and the first author proved (answering a question of Erd\H os) a peculiar property of $C_4$-free graphs: $C_4$ graphs with $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-22 A. Gyarfas , G. N. Sarkozy

A $P_4$ is a chordless path on four vertices. A diamond is a graph obtained from a clique of size four by removing one edge of the clique. A paw is a graph obtained from a clique of size four by removing two adjacent edges of the clique. We…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Paweł Rafał Bieliński , Jadwiga Czyżewska , Martin Milanič , Amir Nikabadi , Paweł Rzążewski

The MaxClique problem, finding the largest complete subgraph in an Erd{\"o}s-R{\'e}nyi $G(N,p)$ random graph in the large $N$ limit, is a well-known example of a simple problem for which finding any approximate solution within a factor of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Raffaele Marino , Scott Kirkpatrick

Given two graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$, a graph $G$ is $(H_1,H_2)$-free if it contains no subgraph isomorphic to $H_1$ or $H_2$. We continue a recent study into the clique-width of $(H_1,H_2)$-free graphs and present three new classes of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-01-14 Konrad K. Dabrowski , Shenwei Huang , Daniël Paulusma

We consider a problem introduced by Feige, Gamarnik, Neeman, R\'acz and Tetali [2020], that of finding a large clique in a random graph $G\sim G(n,\frac{1}{2})$, where the graph $G$ is accessible by queries to entries of its adjacency…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Uriel Feige , Tom Ferster

We study the computational complexity of two related problems: recovering a planted $q$-coloring in $G(n,1/2)$, and finding efficiently verifiable witnesses of non-$q$-colorability (a.k.a. refutations) in $G(n,1/2)$. Our main results show…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Pravesh K. Kothari , Santosh S. Vempala , Alexander S. Wein , Jeff Xu

Bicliques are complements of bipartite graphs; as such each consists of two cliques joined by a number of edges. In this paper we study algebraic aspects of the chromatic polynomials of these graphs. We derive a formula for the chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-26 Adam Bohn

We prove that deciding if a diagram of the unknot can be untangled using at most $k$ Riedemeister moves (where $k$ is part of the input) is NP-hard. We also prove that several natural questions regarding links in the $3$-sphere are NP-hard,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Arnaud de Mesmay , Yo'av Rieck , Eric Sedgwick , Martin Tancer

Multiplication is one of the most fundamental computational problems, yet its true complexity remains elusive. The best known upper bound, by F\"{u}rer, shows that two $n$-bit numbers can be multiplied via a boolean circuit of size $O(n \lg…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Peyman Afshani , Casper Benjamin Freksen , Lior Kamma , Kasper Green Larsen

Consider an Erd\"os-Renyi random graph in which each edge is present independently with probability 1/2, except for a subset $\sC_N$ of the vertices that form a clique (a completely connected subgraph). We consider the problem of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-29 Yash Deshpande , Andrea Montanari

Given a root system $R$, two roots are said to be \emph{strongly orthogonal} if neither their sum nor difference is a root. Gashi defined a family of graphs with vertices labelled by sums of $k$-element strongly orthogonal subsets of roots,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Patrick J. Browne , Pádraig Ó Catháin

A strong clique in a graph is a clique intersecting all inclusion-maximal stable sets. Strong cliques play an important role in the study of perfect graphs. We study strong cliques in the class of diamond-free graphs, from both structural…

For any positive integer $n$, Lov\'{a}sz-Schrijver, Taniyama and Skopenkov provided examples of simplicial $n$-complexes that inevitably contain a nonsplittable two-component link of $n$-spheres, no matter how they are embedded into the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Ryo Nikkuni

The problem of finding large cliques in random graphs and its "planted" variant, where one wants to recover a clique of size $\omega \gg \log{(n)}$ added to an \Erdos-\Renyi graph $G \sim G(n,\frac{1}{2})$, have been intensely studied.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Samuel B. Hopkins , Pravesh K. Kothari , Aaron Potechin

In 1966, Erd\H{o}s, Goodman, and P\'osa proved that $\lfloor n^2/4 \rfloor$ cliques are sufficient to cover all edges in any $n$-vertex graph, with tightness achieved by the balanced complete bipartite graph. This result was generalized by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Yihan Chen , Jialin He , Tianying Xie

This paper shows that calculating $k$-CLIQUE on $n$ vertex graphs, requires the AND of at least $2^{n/4k}$ monotone, constant-depth, and polynomial-sized circuits, for sufficiently large values of $k$. The proof relies on a new, monotone,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Levente Bodnar