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Related papers: Consistent NEC-violation: towards creating a unive…

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Explorations of the violation of null energy condition (NEC) in cosmology could enrich our understanding of the very early universe and the related gravity theories. Although a fully stable NEC violation can be realized in the ``beyond…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-24 Yong Cai , Ji Xu , Shuai Zhao , Siyi Zhou

The violation of the null energy condition (NEC) is essential for constructing nonsingular cosmological scenarios, such as Genesis cosmology, which avoids the initial singularity by initiating cosmic evolution from an asymptotically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-19 Dong-Hui Yu , Mian Zhu , Yong Cai

We present a consistent effective theory that violates the null energy condition (NEC) without developing any instabilities or other pathological features. The model is the ghost condensate with the global shift symmetry softly broken by a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Paolo Creminelli , Markus A. Luty , Alberto Nicolis , Leonardo Senatore

We construct a theory which admits a time-dependent solution smoothly interpolating between a null energy condition (NEC)-satisfying phase at early times and a NEC-violating phase at late times. We first review earlier attempts to violate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-02-26 Benjamin Elder , Austin Joyce , Justin Khoury

In the context of Einstein gravity, if the null energy condition (NEC) is satisfied, the energy density in expanding space-times always decreases while in contracting space-times the energy density grows and the universe eventually…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-04 Anna Ijjas , Justin Ripley , Paul J. Steinhardt

One of the fundamental questions of theoretical cosmology is whether the universe can undergo a non-singular bounce, i.e., smoothly transit from a period of contraction to a period of expansion through violation of the null energy condition…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-26 Anna Ijjas , Paul J. Steinhardt

Field theories which violate the null energy condition (NEC) are of interest for the solution of the cosmological singularity problem and for models of cosmological dark energy with the equation of state parameter $w<-1$. We discuss the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 I. Ya. Aref'eva , I. V. Volovich

We study a cosmological scenario featuring an early phase of null energy condition (NEC) violation. Within this framework, we show that perturbative unitarity bounds place strong constraints on both the amplitude and the spectral tilt of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-21 Pavel Petrov , Jianing Wang

The violation of the null energy condition (NEC) may play a crucial role in enabling a scalar field to climb over high potential barriers, potentially significant in the very early universe. We propose a single-field model where the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-01 Shi Pan , Yong Cai , Yun-Song Piao

We propose a novel cosmological scenario, in which standard inflation is replaced by an expanding phase with a drastic violation of the Null Energy Condition (NEC): \dot H >> H^2. The model is based on the recently introduced Galileon…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-23 Paolo Creminelli , Alberto Nicolis , Enrico Trincherini

We propose a novel branch of the Galilean Genesis scenario as an alternative to inflation, in which the universe starts expanding from Minkowski in the asymptotic past with a gross violation of the null energy condition (NEC). This variant,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-15 Sakine Nishi , Tsutomu Kobayashi

Quantum fields can notoriously violate the null energy condition (NEC). In a cosmological context, NEC violation can lead to, e.g., dark energy at late times with an equation-of-state parameter smaller than $-1$ and nonsingular bounces at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-01 Elly Moghtaderi , Brayden R. Hull , Jerome Quintin , Ghazal Geshnizjani

A non-singular cosmological bounce in the Einstein frame can only take place if the Null Energy Condition (NEC) is violated. We explore situations where a single scalar field drives the NEC violation and derive the constraints imposed by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-26 Claudia de Rham , Scott Melville

We recently showed how it is possible to use a cubic Galileon action to construct classical cosmological solutions that enter a contracting null energy condition (NEC) violating phase, bounce at finite values of the scale factor and exit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-19 Anna Ijjas , Paul J. Steinhardt

We consider the possibility of a past and future eternal universe, constructing geodesically complete inflating, loitering, and bouncing spacetimes. We identify the constraints energy conditions in General Relativity place on the building…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-25 Damien A. Easson , Joseph E. Lesnefsky

The dynamics of bouncing universes is characterized by violating certain coordinate invariant restrictions on the total energy-momentum tensor, customarily referred to as energy conditions. Although there could be epochs where the null…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-22 Massimo Giovannini

In discussions of Bousso's Covariant Entropy Bound, the Null Energy Condition is always assumed, as a sufficient {\em but not necessary} condition which helps to ensure that the entropy on any lightsheet shall necessarily be finite. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-23 Brett McInnes

The Averaged Null Energy Condition (ANEC) states that the integral along a complete null geodesic of the projection of the stress-energy tensor onto the tangent vector to the geodesic cannot be negative. Exotic spacetimes, such as those…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-14 Eleni-Alexandra Kontou , Ken D. Olum

Null Energy Condition (NEC) requires the equation of state (EoS) of the universe $w_u$ satisfy $w_u\geq-1$, which implies, for instance in a universe with matter and dark energy dominating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-10-28 Taotao Qiu , Yi-Fu Cai , Xin-Min Zhang

We study violations of the Null Energy Condition (NEC) in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and their implications. For the first part of the project, we examine these violations for classes of already known and novel (first discussed here) QFT…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-04 Dimitrios Krommydas
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