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We consider a probability distribution on the set of Boolean functions in n variables which is induced by random Boolean expressions. Such an expression is a random rooted plane tree where the internal vertices are labelled with connectives…
An and/or tree is usually a binary plane tree, with internal nodes labelled by logical connectives, and with leaves labelled by literals chosen in a fixed set of k variables and their negations. In the present paper, we introduce the first…
We present here a new and universal approach for the study of random and/or trees, unifying in one framework many different models, including some novel ones not yet understood in the literature. An and/or tree is a Boolean expression…
This article is motivated by the following satisfiability question: pick uniformly at random an and/or Boolean expression of length n, built on a set of k_n Boolean variables. What is the probability that this expression is satisfiable?…
We investigate certain nonassociative binary operations that satisfy a four-parameter generalization of the associative law. From this we obtain variations of the ubiquitous Catalan numbers and connections to many interesting combinatorial…
Additive tree functionals represent the cost of many divide-and-conquer algorithms. We derive the limiting distribution of the additive functionals induced by toll functions of the form (a) n^\alpha when \alpha > 0 and (b) log n (the…
We study probability distributions over free algebras of trees. Probability distributions can be seen as particular (formal power) tree series [Berstel et al 82, Esik et al 03], i.e. mappings from trees to a semiring K . A widely studied…
Additive tree functionals allow to represent the cost of many divide-and-conquer algorithms. We give an invariance principle for such tree functionals for the Catalan model (random tree uniformly distributed among the full binary ordered…
Working with generating functions, the combinatorics of a recurrence relation can be expressed in a way that allows for more efficient calculation of the quantity. This is true of the Catalan numbers for an ordered binary tree…
Description of cocommutative Hopf algebras associated with families of trees. Applications include Cayley's theorem on the number of rooted trees with n nodes, and Catalan's theorem on the number of rooted ordered trees with n nodes.
We present new functional equations for the species of plane and of planar (in the sense of Harary and Palmer, 1973) 2-trees and some associated pointed species. We then deduce the explicit molecular expansion of these species, i.e a…
We study parity decision trees for Boolean functions. The motivation of our study is the log-rank conjecture for XOR functions and its connection to Fourier analysis and parity decision tree complexity. Let f be a Boolean function with…
Catalan numbers $C(n)=\frac{1}{n+1}{2n\choose n}$ enumerate binary trees and Dyck paths. The distribution of paths with respect to their number $k$ of factors is given by ballot numbers $B(n,k)=\frac{n-k}{n+k}{n+k\choose n}$. These integers…
In light of the grammar given by Ji for the $(\alpha,\beta)$-Eulerian polynomials introduced by Carlitz and Scoville, we provide a labeling scheme for increasing binary trees. In this setting, we obtain a combinatorial interpretation of the…
We present a correlated \textit{and} gate which may be used to propagate uncertainty and dependence through Boolean functions, since any Boolean function may be expressed as a combination of \textit{and} and \textit{not} operations. We…
Recent developments have found unexpected connections between non-commutative probability theory and algebraic topology. In particular, Boolean cumulants functionals seem to be important for describing morphisms of homotopy operadic…
We characterise the bracketing identities satisfied by linear quasigroups with the help of certain equivalence relations on binary trees that are based on the left and right depths of the leaves modulo some integers. The numbers of…
The parity decision tree model extends the decision tree model by allowing the computation of a parity function in one step. We prove that the deterministic parity decision tree complexity of any Boolean function is polynomially related to…
We study the growth of a time-ordered rooted tree by probabilistic attachment of new vertices to leaves. We construct a likelihood function of the leaves based on the connectivity of the tree. We take such connectivity to be induced by the…
A Bialgebra is a module over a ring that is both an associative algebra and a co-associative coalgebra with the product and coproduct additionally satisfying an appropriate commutative relationship. One application of Bialgebras is in the…