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We extend the classification of free fermionic heterotic-string models to vacua in which the SO(10) GUT symmetry is broken at the string level to the Pati-Salam subgroup. Using our classification method we recently presented the first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-05-10 Benjamin Assel , Kyriakos Christodoulides , Alon E. Faraggi , Costas Kounnas , John Rizos

We develop a universal seesaw version of the Pati-Salam model wherein quarks and leptons of each family are unified into common multiplets transforming as $\psi_L(2,1,4))+ \psi_R((1,2,4)$ under the $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times SU(4)_c$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-01 K. S. Babu , Sumit Biswas

The lack of clear new-physics signals at the LHC searches motivates models that can guide current and future collider searches. The spectral action principle within the noncommutative geometry (NCG) framework yields such models with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-12 Ufuk Aydemir

We search for the three-generation standard-like and/or Pati-Salam models from the $SO(32)$ heterotic string theory on smooth, quotient complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds with multiple line bundles, each with structure group…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-10 Hajime Otsuka

We provide a systematic construction of three-family N=1 supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from Type IIA orientifolds on $\IT^6/(\IZ_2\times \IZ_2)$ with intersecting D6-branes. All the gauge symmetry factors $SU(4)_C\times SU(2)_L \times…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 Mirjam Cvetic , Tianjun Li , Tao Liu

By introducing an extra stack of D6-branes to standard ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric Pati-Salam models, we extend the landscape of its complete search. In this construction, the $d$-stack of D6-branes is introduced besides the standard…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-09 Haotian Huangfu , Tianjun Li , Qi Sun , Rui Sun

A simple alternative to the usual Pati-Salam model is proposed. The model allows quarks and leptons to be unified with gauge group $SU(4) \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes SU(2)_R$ at a remarkably low scale of about 1 TeV. Neutrino masses in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 R. Foot

In the derivation of the Standard Model from the axioms of Noncommutative Geometry, the scalar sector is given by a finite Dirac operator which has to satisfy the so-called \emph{first-order condition}. However, the general solution to this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-06 Fabien Besnard

We consider Hilbert's sixth problem on the axiomatization of physics starting with a higher degree Heisenberg commutation relation involving the Dirac operator and the Feynman slash of scalar fields. The two sided version of the commutation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-13 Ali H. Chamseddine

We argue that the ordinary commutative-and-associative algebra of spacetime coordinates (familiar from general relativity) should perhaps be replaced, not by a noncommutative algebra (as in noncommutative geometry), but rather by a Jordan…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-24 Latham Boyle , Shane Farnsworth

A supersymmetric Pati-Salam model with wrapping number equal to 5 has been constructed in Type IIA orientifolds on $\mathbf{T}^6/(\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2)$ with intersecting D6-branes recently. In particular, the string-scale gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-23 Mudassar Sabir , Tianjun Li , Adeel Mansha , Xiao-Chuan Wang

We analyze the neutrino mass spectrum and discuss the extra-dimensional interpretation of a three-site Pati-Salam model which i) unifies all families of quark and leptons, ii) provides a natural description of the Standard Model Yukawa…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-07 Javier Fuentes-Martin , Gino Isidori , Julie Pagès , Ben A. Stefanek

We suggest that the Standard Model can be viewed as the magnetic dual of a gauge theory featuring only fermionic matter content. We show this by first introducing a Pati-Salam like extension of the Standard Model and then relating it to a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-08-11 Francesco Sannino

Analyzing the supersymmetric Pati-Salam landscape on a $\mathbb{T}^6/(\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2)$ orientifold in IIA string theory, we have found only two models that accurately account for all standard model fermion masses and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-13 Mudassar Sabir , Adeel Mansha , Tianjun Li , Zhi-Wei Wang

We extend the classification of fermionic $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$ heterotic string orbifolds to non--supersymmetric Pati--Salam (PS) models in two classes of vacua, that we dub $\tilde S$--models and $S$--models. The first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Alon E. Faraggi , Viktor G. Matyas , Benjamin Percival

We analyze a gauge-Higgs unification model which is based on a gauge theory defined on a six-dimensional spacetime with an $S^2$ extra-space. We impose a symmetry condition for a gauge field and non-trivial boundary conditions of the $S^2$.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-15 Takaaki Nomura , Joe Sato

We propose a framework, where the hierarchy between the unification and the Fermi scale emerges radiatively. This work tackles the long-standing question about the connection between the low Fermi scale and a more fundamental scale of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-28 Tommi Alanne

The left-right symmetric Pati-Salam model of the unification of quarks and leptons is based on SU(4) and SU(2)xSU(2) groups. These groups are naturally extended to include the classification of families of quarks and leptons. We assume that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 G. E. Volovik

Recently one of the authors proposed a dual theory of a Supersymmetric Standard Model (SSM), in which it is naturally understood that at least one quark (the top quark) should be heavy, i.e., almost the same order as the weak scale, and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 Nobuhiro Maekawa , Tomohiko Takahashi

In the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry $SU(4)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$ (4-2-2, for short), the observed quarks and leptons of each family reside in the bi-fundamental representations $(4,2,1)$ and $({\bar 4},1,2)$. There exist, however,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-25 Thomas W. Kephart , Qaisar Shafi