Related papers: A remote response of ATP hydrolysis
A mathematical model for chemical reactions in electrolytes is developed using an Energy variational method consistent with classical thermodynamics. Electrostatics and chemical reactions are included in properly defined energetic and…
Morphogenesis involves the dynamic interplay of biochemical, mechanical and electrical processes. Here we ask: to what extent can the course of morphogenesis be modulated and controlled by an external electric field? We show that above a…
Liquid-liquid phase separation is key to understanding aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) arising throughout cell biology, medical science, and the pharmaceutical industry. Controlling the detailed morphology of phase-separating compound…
Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a versatile electrophoretic technique which can be used for sample preconcentration, separation, purification, mixing, and control and acceleration of chemical reactions. Although the basic technique is nearly a…
Since air-water and water-air interfaces are equally refractive, cloud droplets and microbubbles dispersed in bodies of water reflect sunlight in much the same way. The lifetime of sunlight-reflecting microbubbles, and hence the scale on…
Indoor swimming pools (ISPs) consume significant amounts of electrical and thermal energy to ensure the heating of water and air, ventilation, and maintaining adequate humidity levels. This is measured in GWh per year for large…
In a recent article, Nature Communications 7 (2016) 12068, the authors claimed that they demonstrated sub-kBT energy dissipation at elementary logic operations. However, the argumentation is invalid because it neglects the dominant source…
We propose a simple theoretical model for a molecular chemical engine that catalyzes a chemical reaction and converts the free energy released by the reaction into mechanical work. Binding and unbinding processes of reactant and product…
Hydrogen cations, or protons, provide the medium by which energy is stored and converted in biological systems. Such pre-eminence relies on the interplay between interfacial and bulk chemical transformations, according to mechanisms that…
Signal transduction, or signal-processing capability, is a fundamental property of nature that manifests universally across systems of different scales -- from quantum behaviour to the biological. This includes the detection of…
How much free energy is irreversibly lost during a thermodynamic process? For deterministic protocols, lower bounds on energy dissipation arise from the thermodynamic friction associated with pushing a system out of equilibrium in finite…
Proteases regulate various aspects of the life cycle in all organisms by cleaving specific peptide bonds. Their action is so central for biochemical processes that at least 2% of any known genome encodes for proteolytic enzymes. Here we…
The fundamental role of hydrophobic interactions in nature and technology has motivated decades long research aimed at measuring the distance-dependent hydrophobic force and identifying its origin. This quest has nevertheless proved more…
Understanding the thermodynamics of the duplication process is a fundamental step towards a comprehensive physical theory of biological systems. However, the immense complexity of real cells obscures the fundamental tensions between energy…
Active fluids operate by constantly dissipating energy at the particle level to perform a directed motion, yielding dynamics and phases without any equilibrium equivalent. The emerging behaviors have been studied extensively, yet…
We provide a non-equilibrium thermodynamic description of the life-cycle of a droplet based, chemically feasible, system of protocells. By coupling the protocells metabolic kinetics with its thermodynamics, we demonstrate how the system can…
Proteins can be regarded as thermal nanosensors in an intra-body network. Upon being stimulated by Terahertz (THz) frequencies that match their vibrational modes, protein molecules experience resonant absorption and dissipate their energy…
The motility of cilia and flagella is driven by thousands of dynein motors that hydrolyze adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Despite decades of genetic, biochemical, structural and biophysical studies, some aspects of ciliary motility remain…
The emergence of self-replication and information transmission in life's origin remains unexplained despite extensive research on the topic. A hypothesis explaining the transition from a simple organic world to a complex RNA world is…
Aqueous hydrolysis is used to chemically recycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to the production of high-quality terephthalic acid (TPA), the PET monomer. PET hydrolysis depends on various reaction conditions including PET size,…