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This paper sets out a forecasting method that employs a mixture of parametric functions to capture the pattern of fertility with respect to age. The overall level of cohort fertility is decomposed over the range of fertile ages using a…
During 2014-15 Sweden received asylum applications from more than 240.000 people, of which more than 40.000 were termed unaccompanied minors. In a large number of cases, claims by asylum seekers of being below 18 years were not trusted by…
The classical cosmological V/Vm-test is introduced and elaborated. Use of the differential distribution p(V/Vm) of the V/Vm-variable rather than just the mean <V/Vm> leads directly to the cosmological number density without any need for…
Biological aging is characterized by an age-dependent increase in the probability of death and by a decrease in the reproductive capacity. Individual age-dependent rates of survival and reproduction have a strong impact on population…
A general approach for anomaly detection or novelty detection consists in estimating high density regions or Minimum Volume (MV) sets. The One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) is a state-of-the-art algorithm for estimating such regions…
Since laws of physics exist in nature, their possible relationship to terrestial growth is introduced. By considering the human body as a dynamic system of variable mass (and volume), growing under a gravity field, it is shown how natural…
Waterfall plots are a key tool in early phase oncology clinical studies for visualizing individual patients' tumor size changes and provide efficacy assessment. However, comparing waterfall plots from ongoing studies with limited follow-up…
In radiation therapy tumor size, and thus also volume, has a significant impact on the local control of tumors. Moreover, tumor volume is a significant prognostic factor for modelling and predicting therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment.…
Measurements of breast density have the potential to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of screening mammography through personalized screening. Breast density has traditionally been evaluated from the dense area in a mammogram, but…
In exponential population growth, variability in the timing of individual division events and environmental factors (including stochastic inoculation) compound to produce variable growth trajectories. In several stochastic models of…
We consider a model of asexually reproducing individuals. The birth and death rates of the individuals are affected by a fitness parameter. The rate of mutations that cause the fitnesses to change is proportional to the population size, N.…
Despite internal complexity, tumor growth kinetics follow relatively simple macroscopic laws that have been quantified by mathematical models. To resolve this further, quantitative and discriminant analyses were performed for the purpose of…
Purpose: Performance models are important tools for coaches and athletes to optimise competition outcomes or training schedules. A recently published hydraulic performance model has been reported to outperform established work-balance…
Numerous machine learning (ML) models have been developed for breast cancer using various types of data. Successful external validation (EV) of ML models is important evidence of their generalizability. The aim of this systematic review was…
The water uptake by roots of plants is examined for an ideal situation, with an approximation that resembles plants growing in pots, meaning that the total soil volume is fixed. We propose a coupled water uptake-root growth model. A…
The evolutionary biology of aging is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of aging and how to develop anti-aging treatments. Thus far most evolutionary theory concerns the genetics of aging with limited physiological integration.…
We investigate the ability of individuals to visually validate statistical models in terms of their fit to the data. While visual model estimation has been studied extensively, visual model validation remains under-investigated. It is…
Mammographic breast density is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer. Recently there has been interest in breast MRI as an adjunct to mammography, as this modality provides an orthogonal and highly quantitative assessment of…
Cervical cancer is the leading gynecological malignancy worldwide. This paper presents diverse classification techniques and shows the advantage of feature selection approaches to the best predicting of cervical cancer disease. There are…
An evaluation method supported by robust statistical analysis was used to analyze historical measurements of $^{39}$Ar half-life. The method, which combines the most frequent value (MFV) approach with bootstrap analysis, provides a more…