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The total graph of $G$, $\mathcal T(G)$ is the graph whose set of vertices is the union of the sets of vertices and edges of $G$, where two vertices are adjacent if and only if they stand for either incident or adjacent elements in $G$. Let…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-13 Eber Lenes , Exequiel Mallea-Zepeda , María Robbiano , Jonnathan Rodríguez

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$ with eigenvalues $\lambda_1(G)\geq \cdots \geq \lambda_n(G)$. Define \[s^+(G)=\sum_{\lambda_i >0} \lambda_i^2(G), \quad s^-(G)=\sum_{\lambda_i<0} \lambda_i^2(G).\] It was conjectured by Elphick,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Saieed Akbari , Hitesh Kumar , Bojan Mohar , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Shengtong Zhang

Let $R$ be a Hermitian matrix. The energy of $R$, $\mathcal{E}(R)$, corresponds to the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. In this work it is obtained two lower bounds for $\mathcal{E}(R).$ The first one generalizes a lower bound…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Enide Andrade , Juan Carmona , Geraldine Infante , María Robbiano

Gutman and Wagner proposed the concept of matching energy (ME) and pointed out that the chemical applications of ME go back to the 1970s. Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$ and $\mu_1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_n$ be the roots of its matching…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Lin Chen , Jinfeng Liu , Yongtang Shi

The energy of a graph G is equal to the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of G, whereas the Laplacian energy of a graph G is equal to the sum of the absolute value of the difference between the eigenvalues of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Nilanjan De

In 1970s, Gutman introduced the concept of the energy $\En(G)$ for a simple graph $G$, which is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $G$. This graph invariant has attracted much attention, and many lower and upper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Wenxue Du , Xueliang Li , Yiyang Li

Graph energy is the energy of the matrix representation of the graph, where the energy of a matrix is the sum of singular values of the matrix. Depending on the definition of a matrix, one can contemplate graph energy, Randi\'c energy,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Mikołaj Morzy , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Let $G$ be a simple graph with no even cycle, called an odd-cycle graph. Cavers et al. [Cavers et al. Skew-adjacency matrices of graphs, Linear Algebra Appl. 436(2012), 4512--1829] showed that the spectral radius of $G^\sigma$ is the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-19 Xiaolin Chen , Xueliang Li , Huishu Lian

For a simple graph $G$ with $n$ vertices, let $A_G$ denote the adjacency matrix of $G$, and let $\lambda_1(G) \geq \lambda_2(G) \geq \dots \geq \lambda_n(G)$ be its eigenvalues. For an integer $p \geq 2$, the positive $p$-energy and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Zhengbo Chen , Zhouningxin Wang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

The energy of a graph is the sum of the moduli of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs, which can be characterized by their vertex count $n$ and a set $\cal D$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-21 Jürgen W. Sander , Torsten Sander

The energy of a simple graph $G$, denoted by $E(G)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Denote by $C_n$ the cycle, and $P_n^{6}$ the unicyclic graph obtained by connecting a vertex of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-01 Bofeng Huo , Xueliang Li , Yongtang Shi

The energy of a graph was introduced by {\sc Gutman} in 1978 as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs, which can be characterized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-19 J. W. Sander , T. Sander

The trace norm $\left\Vert G\right\Vert _{\ast}$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of its singular values, i.e., the absolute values of its eigenvalues. The norm $\left\Vert G\right\Vert _{\ast}$ has been intensively studied under the name of graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-31 V. Nikiforov

We extend the concept of graph energy, introduced by Gutman, to matrices. We give upper and lower bounds on matrix energy extending previous results for graphs. In particular, we estimate the energy of almost all graphs.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Nikiforov

The energy of a graph is the sum of the moduli of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs, which can be characterized by their vertex count n and a set D of divisors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-21 Jürgen W. Sander , Torsten Sander

For a simple connected graph $G$ of order $n$ having distance Laplacian eigenvalues $ \rho^{L}_{1}\geq \rho^{L}_{2}\geq \cdots \geq \rho^{L}_{n}$, the distance Laplacian energy $DLE(G)$ is defined as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Hilal A. Ganie , Rezwan Ul Shaban , Bilal A. Rather , S. Pirzada

The energy $E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. A graph $G$ of order $n$ is said to be hypoenergetic if $E(G)<n$. Majstorovi\'{c} et al. conjectured that complete bipartite graph $K_{2,3}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-06-16 Xueliang Li , Hongping Ma

In this note, we derive closed formulas for the energy of circulant graphs generated by $1$ and $\gamma$, where $\gamma\geqslant2$ is an integer. We also find a formula for the energy of the complete graph without a Hamilton cycle.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-28 Justine Louis

Let $ G $ be a simple graph with the vertex cover number $ \tau $. The energy $ \mathcal{E}(G) $ of $ G $ is the sum of the absolute values of all the adjacency eigenvalues of $ G $. In this article, we establish $ \mathcal{E}(G)\geq 2\tau…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Aniruddha Samanta

Let $A(G)$ be the adjacency matrix and $D(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of the vertex degrees of a simple connected graph $G$. Nikiforov defined the matrix $A_{\alpha}(G)$ of the convex combinations of $D(G)$ and $A(G)$ as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-20 S. Pirzada , Bilal A. Rather , Hilal A. Ganie , Rezwan ul Shaban