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For one-dimensional PT -symmetric systems, it is observed that the non-local product obtained from the continuity equation can be interpreted as a conserved corre- lation function. This leads to physical conclusions, regarding both discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-24 Kumar Abhinav , Arun Jayannavar , P. K. Panigrahi

We show that the parity-time (PT) symmetric coupled optical waveguides with gain and loss support localised oscillatory structures similar to the breathers of the classical $\phi^4$ model. The power carried by the PT-breather oscillates…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2012-11-12 I. V. Barashenkov , Sergey V. Suchkov , Andrey A. Sukhorukov , Sergey V. Dmitriev , Yuri S. Kivshar

For a truly $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum system, the conventional non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is $H = \Omega\sigma_x -i\gamma|1\rangle\langle1| + i\gamma|0\rangle\langle0|$, where $\Omega$ and $\gamma$ are real parameters and $\sigma_x$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Bing-Bing Liu , Shi-Lei Su

The aim of this paper is to illustrate both analytically and numerically the interplay of two fundamentally distinct non-Hermitian mechanisms in a deep subwavelength regime. Considering a parity-time symmetric system of one-dimensional…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-01 Habib Ammari , Silvio Barandun , Ping Liu , Alexander Uhlmann

We introduce a ladder-shaped chain with each rung carrying a $\mathcal{PT}$ -symmetric gain-loss dipole. The polarity of the dipoles is staggered along the chain, meaning that a rung bearing gain-loss is followed by one bearing loss-gain.…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-04-01 Jennie D'Ambroise , Panayotis G. Kevrekidis , Boris A. Malomed

One of the challenges of the modern photonics is to develop all-optical devices enabling increased speed and energy efficiency for transmitting and processing information on an optical chip. It is believed that the recently suggested…

The coupled discrete linear and Kerr nonlinear Schrodinger equations with gain and loss describing transport on dimers with parity-time PT symmetric potentials are considered. The model is relevant among others to experiments in optical…

Optics · Physics 2014-01-01 J. Pickton , H. Susanto

We consider a previously experimentally realized discrete model that describes a mechanical metamaterial consisting of a chain of pairs of rigid units connected by flexible hinges. Upon analyzing the linear band structure of the model, we…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2023-02-15 H. Duran , J. Cuevas-Maraver , P. G. Kevrekidis , A. Vainchtein

The concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry originates from the framework of quantum mechanics, where if the Hamiltonian operator satisfies the commutation relation with the parity and time operators, it shows all real eigen-energy spectrum.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Wei-Chao Gao , Chao Zheng , Lu Liu , Tiejun Wang , Chuan Wang

Narrow linewidth is a long-pursuing goal in precision measurement and sensing. We propose a parity-time (PT )-symmetric feedback method to narrow the linewidths of resonance systems. By using a quadrature measurement-feedback loop, we…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-18 Yuanjiang Tang , Chao Liang , Xin Wen , Weipeng Li , An-Ning Xu , Yong-Chun Liu

Parity-time (PT) symmetric systems have two distinguished phases, e.g., one with real energy eigenvalues and the other with complex conjugate eigenvalues. To enter one phase from the other, it is believed that the system must pass through…

Optics · Physics 2016-07-27 Li Ge

One-dimensional non-Hermitian quasicrystals with parity and time-reversal (PT) symmetry can simultaneously exhibit localization-delocalization transition, topological phase transition, and PT-symmetry-breaking transition. This motivates…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-26 Guangjie Zhang , Bing Shao , Longwen Zhou , Jiangbin Gong , Weiwei Zhu

It is shown that the long-wave dynamics and magnetic properties of one-dimensional systems constructed of the inductively and capacitively coupled split-ring resonators are described by the regularized nonlinear dispersive Klein-Gordon…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2020-09-29 M. M. Bogdan , O. V. Charkina

A mechanism for asymmetric transport based on the interplay between the fundamental symmetries of parity (P) and time (T) with nonlinearity is presented. We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically analyze the phenomenon using a pair of…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-12 N. Bender , S. Factor , J. D. Bodyfelt , H. Ramezani , F. M. Ellis , T. Kottos

We study the effects of management of the PT-symmetric part of the potential within the setting of Schr\"odinger dimer and trimer oligomer systems. This is done by rapidly modulating in time the gain/loss profile. This gives rise to a…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-05-20 R. L. Horne , J. Cuevas , P. G. Kevrekidis , N. Whitaker , F. Kh. Abdullaev , D. J. Frantzeskakis

Balanced gain and loss leads to stationary dynamics in open systems. This occurs naturally in PT-symmetric systems, where the imaginary part of the potential describing gain and loss is perfectly antisymmetric. While this case seems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Daniel Dizdarevic , Holger Cartarius , Jörg Main , Günter Wunner

This paper proposes to broaden the canonical formulation of quantum mechanics. Ordinarily, one imposes the condition $H^\dagger=H$ on the Hamiltonian, where $\dagger$ represents the mathematical operation of complex conjugation and matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Carl Bender , Stefan Boettcher , Peter Meisinger

A class of above-barrier quantum-scattering problems is shown to provide an experimentally-accessible platform for studying $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Schr\"odinger equations that exhibit spontaneous $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Micheline B. Soley , Carl M. Bender , A. Douglas Stone

Parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry plays an important role both in non-Hermitian and topological systems. In non-Hermitian systems $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry can lead to an entirely real energy spectrum, while in topological systems…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-12-18 W. B. Rui , Moritz M. Hirschmann , Andreas P. Schnyder

Open physical systems with balanced loss and gain, described by non-Hermitian parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) reflection symmetric Hamiltonians, exhibit a transition which could engenders modes that exponentially decay or grow with time and…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-02-27 Jiaming Li , Andrew K. Harter , Ji Liu , Leonardo de Melo , Yogesh N. Joglekar , Le Luo