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We present a graduate course on ideal measurements, analyzed as dynamical processes of interaction between the tested system S and an apparatus A, described by quantum statistical mechanics. The apparatus A=M+B involves a macroscopic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-03 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Roger Balian , Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen

In textbooks, ideal quantum measurements are described in terms of the tested system only by the collapse postulate and Born's rule. This level of description offers a rather flexible position for the interpretation of quantum mechanics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-28 Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen , Marti Perarnau-Llobet , Roger Balian

The measurement postulate of quantum theory stands in conflict with the laws of thermodynamics and has evoked debate regarding what actually constitutes a measurement. With the help of modern quantum statistical mechanics, we take the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Felix C. Binder , Marcus Huber , Maximilian P. E. Lock

A model of quantum measurement is proposed, which aims to describe statistical mechanical aspects of this phenomenon, starting from a purely Hamiltonian formulation. The macroscopic measurement apparatus is modeled as an ideal Bose gas, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-31 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Roger Balian , Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen

The paper gives a systematic review of the basic ideas of (non-relativistic) quantum mechanics including all changes that result from previous work of the authors. This shows that the new theory is self-consistent and (in certain sense)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-24 Petr Hajicek , Jiri Tolar

Considering the recently established arbitrariness the Schroedinger equation has to be interpreted as an equation of motion for a statistical ensemble of particles. The statistical qualities of individual particles derive from the unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 W. A. Hofer

We present a description of the measurement process based on the parametric representation with environmental coherent states. This representation is specifically tailored for studying quantum systems whose environment needs being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 Pietro Liuzzo-Scorpo , Alessandro Cuccoli , Paola Verrucchi

This paper presents the measurement problem from the point of view of the thermal interpretation of quantum physics introduced in Part II. The measurement of a Hermitian quantity $A$ is regarded as giving an uncertain value approximating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-25 Arnold Neumaier

We show that the key problems of quantum measurement theory, namely the reduction of the wave packet of a microsystem and the specification of its quantum state by a macroscopic measuring instrument, may be rigorously resolved within the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Geoffrey Sewell

In this paper, we extend the standard formalism of quantum mechanics to a quantum theory for a total system including one internal measuring apparatus. The internality of the measuring apparatus implies that different decomposition of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-17 Wen-ge Wang

A simple model of quantum particle is proposed in which the particle in a {\it macroscopic} rest frame is represented by a {\it microscopic d}-dimensional oscillator, {\it s=(d-1)/2} being the spin of the particle. The state vectors are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Blagowest Nikolov

Quantum mechanics is derived from the principle that the universe contain as much variety as possible, in the sense of maximizing the distinctiveness of each subsystem. The quantum state of a microscopic system is defined to correspond to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Lee Smolin

In this paper, we present a thought experiment that demonstrates that the equivalence of quantum reduced states and statistical mixed states of ensembles is not merely a simple mathematical formulation in quantum mechanics, but rather…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Zhihong Zuo

The capabilities of a new approach towards the foundations of Statistical Mechanics are explored. The approach is genuine quantum in the sense that statistical behavior is a consequence of objective quantum uncertainties due to entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-29 Christian Gogolin

We describe a quantum mechanical measurement as a variational principle including interaction between the system under measurement and the measurement apparatus. Augmenting the action with a nonlocal term (a double integration over the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Alan K. Harrison

The so-called quantum measurement problems are solved from a new perspective. One of the main observations is that the basic entities of our world are {\it particles}, elementary or composite. It follows that each elementary process, hence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-20 Kenichi Konishi

The quantum measurement problems are revisited from a new perspective. One of the main ideas of this work is that the basic entities of our world are various types of particles, elementary or composite. It follows that each elementary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Kenichi Konishi

Starting from a new principle inspired by quantum tomography rather than from Born's rule, this paper gives a self-contained deductive approach to quantum mechanics and quantum measurement. A suggestive notion for what constitutes a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Arnold Neumaier

Investigation on foundational aspects of quantum statistical mechanics recently entered a renaissance period due to novel intuitions from quantum information theory and to increasing attention on the dynamical aspects of single quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-07-22 Barbara Fresch , Giorgio J. Moro

A hamiltonian model is solved, which satisfies all requirements for a realistic ideal quantum measurement. The system S is a spin-$\half$, whose $z$-component is measured through coupling with an apparatus A=M+B, consisting of a magnet…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-31 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Roger Balian , Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen
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