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Related papers: Multi-setting Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger theorem

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We consider an entangled two-particle state that is produced from two independent down-conversion sources by the process of "entanglement-swapping", so that the particles have never met. We prove a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-01 Daniel M. Greenberger , Michael Horne , Anton Zeilinger

A three-party scheme for securely sharing an arbitrary unknown single-qutrit state is presented. Using a general Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state as the quantum channel among the three parties, the quantum information (i.e., the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhang-yin Wang , Zhan-jun Zhang

By introducing a semi-honest third party (TP), we propose in this paper a novel QPC protocol using (n+1)- qubit (n \ge 2) Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as information carriers. The parameter n not only determines the number of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Zhaoxu Ji , Peiru Fan , Huanguo Zhang , Houzhen Wang

Recently, a new type of symmetry for three-qubit quantum states was introduced, the so-called Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) symmetry. It includes the operations which leave the three-qubit standard GHZ state unchanged. This symmetry is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-14 Christopher Eltschka , Jens Siewert

A proof of Bell's theorem without inequalities valid for both inequivalent classes of three-qubit entangled states under local operations assisted by classical communication, namely Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and W, is described.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-28 Adan Cabello

We present a class of observables which are suitable for determining the fidelity of a state to the multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. Given an expectation value of an observable belonging to the class, we give a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Koji Nagata , Masato Koashi , Nobuyuki Imoto

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) puzzle has been used to study quantum nonlocality and provide an all-or-nothing, no-go theorem for local hidden-variable models. Recent experiments using coincident-detected entangled photons prepared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-30 Brian R. La Cour

We prove that for a three-qubit system in the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, locality per se is in conflict with the perfect GHZ correlations. The proof does not in any way use the realism assumption and can lead to a refutation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Sixia Yu , Yong-De Zhang

The study of quantum nonlocality sharing has garnered significant attention, particularly for two-qubit and three-qubit entangled systems. In this paper, we extend the investigation to $n$-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Sk Sahadat Hossain , Indrani Chattopadhyay

In eliminating the fair sampling assumption, the Greenberger, Horne, Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem is believed to confirm Bell's historic conclusion that local hidden variables are inconsistent with the results of quantum mechanics. The GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-28 Louis Sica

We propose a scheme to probabilistically generate Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states encoded on the path degree of freedom of three photons. These photons are totally independent from each other, having no direct interaction during…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-27 Bertúlio de Lima Bernardo , M. Lencśes , S. Brito , Askery Canabarro

Rotational symmetries of N-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states directly exhibit their nonlocality and render transparent the many possible measurements that produce absolute contradictions with local realism. While N measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jay Lawrence

Interactions in Many-body systems are typically short-range and few-body. We investigate how such local interactions build up long-range and intrinsically multipartite entanglement by studying the $n$-partite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Guanglei Xu , Yu-Xiang Zhang

We present the experimental observation of polarization entanglement for three spatially separated photons. Such states of more than two entangled particles, known as GHZ states, play a crucial role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Dik Bouwmeester , Jian-Wei Pan , Matthew Daniell , Harald Weinfurter , Anton Zeilinger

Bipartite maximally entangled states have the property that the largest Schmidt coefficient reaches its lower bound. However, for multipartite states the standard Schmidt decomposition generally does not exist. We use a generalized Schmidt…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-12 Sayatnova Tamaryan , Tzu-Chieh Wei , DaeKil Park

Let $|\Psi>$ be an arbitrary stabilizer state distributed between three remote parties, such that each party holds several qubits. Let $S$ be a stabilizer group of $|\Psi>$. We show that $|\Psi>$ can be converted by local unitaries into a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Sergey Bravyi , David Fattal , Daniel Gottesman

Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 Xiaolong Su , Caixing Tian , Xiaowei Deng , Qiang Li , Changde Xie , Kunchi Peng

In multipartite Bell scenarios, we study the nonlocality robustness of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. When each party performs planar measurements forming a regular polygon, we exploit the symmetry of the resulting correlation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Sébastien Designolle , Tamás Vértesi , Sebastian Pokutta

GHZ paradoxes are presented for all even numbers of qubits from four up. They are obtained from proofs of the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem by showing how the assumption of noncontextuality can be justified on the basis of locality. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mordecai Waegell , P. K. Aravind

We study the stability of superpositions of macroscopically distinct quantum states under decoherence. We introduce a class of quantum states with entanglement features similar to Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, but with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-18 F. Fröwis , W. Dür