Related papers: Strongly real classes in finite unitary groups of …

We classify all real and strongly real classes of the finite special unitary group $SU_n(q)$. Unless $q \equiv 3 (mod 4)$ and $n |4$, the classification of real classes is similar to that of the finite special linear group $SL_n(q)$. We…

We classify the real and strongly real conjugacy classes in $GL_n(q)$, $SL_n(q)$, $PGL_n(q)$, $PSL_n(q)$, and all quasi-simple covers of $PSL_n(q)$. In each case we give a formula for the number of real, and the number of strongly real,…

We show that for any $n$ and $q$, the number of real conjugacy classes in $\mathrm{PGL}(n, \mathbb{F}_q)$ is equal to the number of real conjugacy classes of $\mathrm{GL}(n, \mathbb{F}_q)$ which are contained in $\mathrm{SL}(n,…

We prove several reality properties for finite simple orthogonal groups. For any prime power $q$ and $m\geq 1$, we show that all real conjugacy classes are strongly real in the simple groups $\mathrm{P}\Omega^{\pm}(4m+2,q), m \geq 1$,…

Let $G$ be an algebraic group defined over a field $k$. We call $g\in G$ {\bf real} if $g$ is conjugate to $g^{-1}$ and $g\in G(k)$ as {\bf $k$-real} if $g$ is real in $G(k)$. An element $g\in G$ is {\bf strongly real} if $\exists h\in G$,…

In this article we try to explore the relation between real conjugacy classes and real characters of finite groups at more refined level. This refinement is in terms of properties of groups such as strong reality and total orthogonality. In…

Let G be a finite group. An element x in G is a real element if x is conjugate to its inverse in G. For x in G, the conjugacy class x^G is said to be a real conjugacy class if every element of x^G is real. We show that if 4 divides no real…

An element of a group is called $\textit{strongly reversible}$ or $\textit{strongly real}$ if it can be expressed as a product of two involutions. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for an element of $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})$…

We prove that if $G$ is a finite simple group, then all irreducible complex representations of $G$ by be realized over the real numbers if and only if every element of $G$ may be written as a product of two involutions in $G$. This follows…

Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field with $q$ elements, where $q$ is the power of an odd prime, and let $\mathrm{GSp}(2n, \mathbb{F}_q)$ and $\mathrm{GO}^{\pm}(2n, \mathbb{F}_q)$ denote the symplectic and orthogonal groups of similitudes…

We study the numbers of involutions and their relation to Frobenius-Schur indicators in the groups $\mathrm{SO}^{\pm}(n,q)$ and $\Omega^{\pm}(n,q)$. Our point of view for this study comes from two motivations. The first is the conjecture…

In this paper we consider finite 2-groups with odd number of real conjugacy classes. On one hand we show that if $k$ is an odd natural number less than 24, then there are only finitely many finite 2-groups with exactly $k$ real conjugacy…

Let $G = {\rm U}(2m, {\mathbb F}_{q^2})$ be the finite unitary group, with $q$ the power of an odd prime $p$. We prove that the number of irreducible complex characters of $G$ with degree not divisible by $p$ and with Frobenius-Schur…

In this paper, we study the structures of finite groups using some arithmetic conditions on the sizes of real conjugacy classes. We prove that a finite group is solvable if the prime graph on the real class sizes of the group is…

Let $\mathbb F_q$ be a finite field with $q$ elements, $G$ a finite cyclic group of order $p^k$ and $p$ is an odd prime with ${\rm gcd}(q,p)=1$. In this article, we determine an explicit expression for the primitive idempotents of $\mathbb…

Let $G$ be a group. Two elements $x,y \in G$ are said to be in the same $z$-class if their centralizers in $G$ are conjugate within $G$. Consider $\mathbb F$ a perfect field of characteristic $\neq 2$, which has a non-trivial Galois…

In this paper we find a new lower bound on the number of imaginary quadratic extensions of the function field $\mathbb{F}_{q}(x)$ whose class groups have elements of a fixed odd order. More precisely, for $q$, a power of an odd prime, and…

Let $P$ be a principal indecomposable module of a finite group $G$ in characteristic $2$ and let $\varphi$ be the Brauer character of the corresponding simple $G$-module. We show that $P$ affords a non-degenerate $G$-invariant quadratic…

The well-known Landau's theorem states that, for any positive integer $k$, there are finitely many isomorphism classes of finite groups with exactly $k$ (conjugacy) classes. We study variations of this theorem for $p$-regular classes as…

If $G$ is a finite group, an irreducible complex-valued character $\chi$ is called rational if $\chi(g)$ is rational for all $g\in G$. Also, a conjugacy class $x^G$ is called rational, if for all irreducible complex-valued character $\chi$,…