Related papers: Electric charge quantization in SU(3)XSU(4)XU(1) m…

$SU(N)$ gauge fields on a cylindrical spacetime are canonically quantized via two routes revealing almost equivalent but different quantizations. After removing all continuous gauge degrees of freedom, the canonical coordinate $A_\mu$ (in…

Charge quantization, or the absence thereof, is a central theme in quantum circuit theory, with dramatic consequences for the predicted circuit dynamics. Very recently, the question of whether or not charge should actually be described as…

Within the context of the Standard Model, quarks are placed in a $(\mathbf{3},\mathbf{2})\oplus (\mathbf{3},\bar{\mathbf{2}})$ matter field representation of $U_{EW}(2)$. Although the quarks carry unit intrinsic electric charge in this…

For gauge theories with direct product internal symmetry groups, the relationship between internal quantum numbers (charges) and coupling strengths is examined. In these types of theories, the Lagrangian density may contain non-trivial…

Dirac's quantization condition, $eg=n/2$ ($n \in \Bbb Z$), and Schwinger's quantization condition, $eg=n$ ($n \in \Bbb Z$), for an electric charge $e$ and a magnetic charge $g$ are derived by utilizing the Atiyah-Singer index theorem in two…

We discuss three possible ways to address quantum physics behind chiral magnetic effect and electric charge fluctuation patterns in heavy ion collisions. The first one makes use of P-parity violation probed by local order parameters, the…

With appropriate gauge transformations, field can replace electric charge in quarks. Classical quarks, in a necessary non-gauge invariant formulation, are used for illustration, bringing to the fore the limitations of the usual electric…

In this work, we revisit Kaluza-Klein theory from the perspective of the classification of elementary particles based on the coadjoint orbit method. We propose a symmetry group for which the electric charge is invariant and, on this basis,…

The quantization of the SU(2)$\times $U(1) gauge-symmetric electroweak theory is performed in the Hamiltonian path-integral formalism. In this quantization, we start from the Lagrangian given in the unitary gauge in which the unphysical…

The gauge coupling unification is investigated at the classical level under the assumptions that the gauge symmetry breaking chain is $E_8\to E_7\times U_1 \to E_6\times U_1 \to SO_{10}\times U_1 \to SU_5 \times U_1 \to SU_3 \times SU_2…

We consider a gauge symmetry extension of the standard model given by $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_X\otimes U(1)_N\otimes Z_2$ with minimal particle content, where $X$ and $N$ are family dependent but determining the hypercharge as…

Symmetry is fundamental to physical laws across different scales$\unicode{x2014}$from spacetime structure in general relativity to particle interactions in quantum field theory. Local symmetries, described by gauge theories, are central to…

We propose a mechanism for the spontaneous (gauge-invariant) reduction of noncommutative ${\cal U}(n)$ gauge theories down to SU(n). This can be achieved through the condensation of composite ${\cal U}(n)$ gauge invariant fields that…

The action and topological charge are used to determine the relative rates of standard cooling and smearing algorithms in pure SU(3)-color gauge theory. We consider representative gauge field configurations on $16^3\times 32$ lattices at…

We consider N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories based on the group SU(N)_1 x SU(N)_2 x ... x SU(N)_k with matter content (N,N*,1,...,1) + (1,N,N*,...,1) + >... + (N*,1,1,...,N) as candidates for the unification symmetry of all particles. In…

We extend the theory of the gauging of classical quadratically nonlinear algebras without a central charge but with a coset structure, to the quantum level. Inserting the minimal anomalies into the classical transformation rules of the…

We construct a family of simple gauge models in which three sterile neutrinos become naturally light by virtue of a generalized seesaw mechanism involving a chiral gauge symmetry. Examples where the chiral gauge group is SU(5)', SU(7)',…

We construct a class of anomaly-free supersymmetric U(1)' models that are characterized by family non-universal U(1)' charges motivated from E_6 embeddings. The family non-universality arises from an interchange of the standard roles of the…

We consider the formulation and quantization of the N=3 superparticle model, both with and without central charge. Without the central charge the action possesses U(3) invariance and therefore is naturally quantized in the N=3 harmonic…

Suggested a non-linear, non-gauge invariant model of Maxwell equations, based on the Kaluza-Klein theory. The spectrum of elementary charges and masses is obtained.