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We classify and analyze bit errors in the current measurement mode of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key distribution. The error probability decays exponentially with increasing bit exchange period and fixed bandwidth, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-14 Yessica Saez , Laszlo B. Kish , Robert Mingesz , Zoltan Gingl , Claes G. Granqvist

A new attack against the Kirchhoff Law Johnson Noise (KLJN) secure key distribution system is studied with unknown parasitic DC voltage sources at both Alices and Bobs ends. This paper is the generalization of our earlier investigation with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Mutaz Y. Melhem , Laszlo B. Kish

We survey the most important results and some recent developments about the secure key exchange protocol where the security is based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the robustness of classical physical information. We conclude that…

General Physics · Physics 2010-04-28 Laszlo B. Kish

It is shown that narrowing the difference between the high and low resistor values in the Kirchhoff Law-Johnson Noise (KLJN) key exchange strongly affects security against a recently introduced binary classifier-based wire resistance…

General Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Mehmet Yildirim , Laszlo B. Kish

An absolutely secure, fast, inexpensive, robust, maintenance-free and low-power- consumption communication is proposed. The states of the information bit are represented by two resistance values. The sender and the receiver have such…

Classical Physics · Physics 2008-04-23 Laszlo B. Kish

Recently, Gunn, Allison and Abbott (GAA) [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.2709v2.pdf] proposed a new scheme to utilize electromagnetic waves for eavesdropping on the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key distribution. We proved in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Hsien-Pu Chen , Laszlo B. Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist , Gabor Schmera

A new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key distribution system is explored. The attack is based on utilizing a parasitic dc-voltage-source in the loop. Relevant situations often exist in the low-frequency limit in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Mutaz Y. Melhem , Laszlo B. Kish

The statistical fluctuations of the mean-square noise voltages measured at Alice's and Bob's ends in the KLJN scheme are used to implement a binary classifier for a new type of wire resistance-based attack. The data are plotted on a…

General Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mehmet Yildirim , Fahrettin Ay , Laszlo B. Kish

We critically analyze the results and claims in [Physics Letters A 373 (2009) 901-904]. We show that the strong security leak appeared in the simulations is only an artifact and not caused by "multiple reflections". Since no wave modes…

General Physics · Physics 2014-02-07 Laszlo B. Kish , Tamas Horvath

In a forthcoming paper in IEE Proceedings Information Security, Feng Hao claims that temperature inaccuracies make the key exchange scheme based on Kirchhoff Loop with Johnson-like Noise insecure. First we point out that this claim is…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

In this paper, we survey the state of the art of the secure key exchange method that is secured by the laws of classical statistical physics, and involves the Kirchhoff's law and the generalized Johnson noise equation, too. We discuss the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-06-07 Laszlo B. Kish , Ferdinand Peper

It is shown that the original Kirchhoff-loop-Johnson(-like)-noise (KLJN) cipher is naturally protected against the man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, if the eavesdropper is using resistors and noise voltage generators just like the sender and…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

A pair of Kirchhoff-Loop-Johnson(-like)-Noise communicators, which is able to work over variable ranges, was designed and built. Tests have been carried out on a model-line performance characteristics were obtained for ranges beyond the…

General Physics · Physics 2012-03-15 Robert Mingesz , Zoltan Gingl , Laszlo B. Kish

This paper presents a statistical physical generation of random keys for a decentralized identity ecosystem that uses Web 3.0 protocols. Web 3.0 is driven by secure keys, typically represented in hexadecimal, that are pseudo-randomly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Christiana Chamon , Kamalesh Mohanasundar , Sarah A. Flanery , Francis K. Quek

Known key exchange schemes offering information-theoretic (unconditional) security are complex and costly to implement. Nonetheless, they remain the only known methods for achieving unconditional security in key exchange. Therefore, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Laszlo B. Kish

We discuss the speed-error-heat triangle and related problems with rapidly increasing energy dissipation and error rate during miniaturization. These and the independently growing need of unconditional data security have provoked…

General Physics · Physics 2008-08-20 Laszlo B. Kish

This letter proposes a novel hybrid half-/full-duplex relaying scheme to enhance the relay channel security. A source node (Alice) communicates with her destination node (Bob) in the presence of a buffer-aided full-duplex relay node…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Ahmed El Shafie , Ahmed Sultan , Naofal Al-Dhahir

We propose a rotationally-invariant quantum key distribution scheme that uses a pair of orthogonal qubit trines, realized as mixed states of three physical qubits. The measurement outcomes do not depend on how Alice and Bob choose their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Gelo Tabia , Berthold-Georg Englert

Employing the fundamental laws of quantum physics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises the unconditionally secure distribution of cryptographic keys. However, in practical realisations, a QKD protocol is only secure, when the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-07 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Jie Xu , Almut Beige

The imperative need for unconditional secure key exchange is expounded by the increasing connectivity of networks and by the increasing number and level of sophistication of cyberattacks. Two concepts that are information theoretically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Elias Gonzalez , Robert S. Balog , Laszlo B. Kish