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Related papers: From Likelihood to Plausibility

200 papers

In science, the most widespread statistical quantities are perhaps $p$-values. A typical advice is to reject the null hypothesis $H_0$ if the corresponding p-value is sufficiently small (usually smaller than 0.05). Many criticisms regarding…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-18 Alexandre G. Patriota

As a generalization of Dempster-Shafer theory, D number theory provides a framework to deal with uncertain information with non-exclusiveness and incompleteness. However, some basic concepts in D number theory are not well defined. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Xinyang Deng

The Posterior distribution of the Likelihood Ratio (PLR) is proposed by Dempster in 1974 for significance testing in the simple vs composite hypotheses case. In this hypotheses test case, classical frequentist and Bayesian hypotheses tests…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-06-05 I. Smith , A. Ferrari

Some large scale inference problems are considered based on using the relative belief ratio as a measure of statistical evidence. This approach is applied to the multiple testing problem. A particular application of this is concerned with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-22 Michael Evans , Jabed Tomal

The logical and practical difficulties associated with research interpretation using P values and null hypothesis significance testing have been extensively documented. This paper describes an alternative, likelihood-based approach to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-21 Nicholas Adams , Gerard O'Reilly

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is an efficient mathematical tool to deal with uncertain information. In that theory, basic probability assignment (BPA) is the basic element for the expression and inference of uncertainty. Decision-making…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-26 Xinyang Deng , Yong Deng

P-values are a mainstay in statistics but are often misinterpreted. We propose a new interpretation of p-value as a meaningful plausibility, where this is to be interpreted formally within the inferential model framework. We show that, for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-28 Ryan Martin , Chuanhai Liu

We discuss a general definition of likelihood function in terms of Radon-Nikod\'{y}m derivatives. The definition is validated by the Likelihood Principle once we establish a result regarding the proportionality of likelihood functions under…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Flávio B. Gonçalves , Pedro Franklin

Reliability (survival analysis, to biostatisticians) is a key ingredient for mak- ing decisions that mitigate the risk of failure. The other key ingredient is utility. A decision theoretic framework harnesses the two, but to invoke this…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-07-24 Nozer D. Singpurwalla

Recently, Halpern and Leung suggested representing uncertainty by a weighted set of probability measures, and suggested a way of making decisions based on this representation of uncertainty: maximizing weighted regret. Their paper does not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Joseph Y. Halpern

Motivated by real-world situations found in high energy particle physics, we consider a generalisation of the likelihood-ratio estimation task to a quasiprobabilistic setting where probability densities can be negative. By extension, this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-15 Matthew Drnevich , Stephen Jiggins , Judith Katzy , Kyle Cranmer

We examine a new approach to modeling uncertainty based on plausibility measures, where a plausibility measure just associates with an event its plausibility, an element is some partially ordered set. This approach is easily seen to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Nir Friedman , Joseph Y. Halpern

This article deals with plausible reasoning from incomplete knowledge about large-scale spatial properties. The availableinformation, consisting of a set of pointwise observations,is extrapolated to neighbour points. We make use of belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Jerome Lang , Philippe Muller

In this paper, we generalize the basic notions and results of Dempster-Shafer theory from predicates to formal concepts. Results include the representation of conceptual belief functions as inner measures of suitable probability functions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Sabine Frittella , Krishna Manoorkar , Alessandra Palmigiano , Apostolos Tzimoulis , Nachoem M. Wijnberg

We present and examine a result related to uncertainty reasoning, namely that a certain plausibility space of Cox's type can be uniquely embedded in a minimal ordered field. This, although a purely mathematical result, can be claimed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Stefan Arnborg , Gunnar Sjödin

The likelihood ratio (LR) measures the relative weight of forensic data regarding two hypotheses. Several levels of uncertainty arise if frequentist methods are chosen for its assessment: the assumed population model only approximates the…

Applications · Statistics 2016-12-26 Giulia Cereda

Motivated by applications to goodness of fit testing, the empirical likelihood approach is generalized to allow for the number of constraints to grow with the sample size and for the constraints to use estimated criteria functions. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-24 Hanxiang Peng , Anton Schick

We discuss the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. We introduce a concept of monotonicity which is related to the diminution of the range between belief and plausibility. We show that the accumulation of knowledge in this framework exhibits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Ronald R. Yager

The (relevance) weighted likelihood was introduced to formally embrace a variety of statistical procedures that trade bias for precision. Unlike its classical counterpart, the weighted likelihood combines all relevant information while…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Xiaogang Wang , James V. Zidek

This paper presents a hypothesis testing method given independent samples from a number of connected populations. The method is motivated by a forestry project for monitoring change in the strength of lumber. Traditional practice has been…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-15 Song Cai , Jiahua Chen , James V. Zidek