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The maximum possible number of non-overlapping unit spheres that can touch a unit sphere in $n$ dimensions is called kissing number. The problem for finding kissing numbers is closely connected to the more general problems of finding bounds…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-07-15 Peter Boyvalenkov , Stefan Dodunekov , Oleg R. Musin

Let H be a closed half-space of n-dimensional Euclidean space. Suppose S is a unit sphere in H that touches the supporting hyperplane of H. The one-sided kissing number B(n) is the maximal number of unit nonoverlapping spheres in H that can…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Oleg R. Musin

The kissing number problem asks for the maximal number k(n) of equal size nonoverlapping spheres in n-dimensional space that can touch another sphere of the same size. This problem in dimension three was the subject of a famous discussion…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2008-08-05 Oleg R. Musin

The kissing number in n-dimensional Euclidean space is the maximal number of non-overlapping unit spheres which simultaneously can touch a central unit sphere. Bachoc and Vallentin developed a method to find upper bounds for the kissing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-07 Hans D. Mittelmann , Frank Vallentin

The kissing number $\tau(d)$ is the maximum number of pairwise non-overlapping unit spheres each touching a central unit sphere in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. In this note we report on how we discovered a new, previously unknown…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-23 Ferenc Szöllősi

Recently A. Schrijver derived new upper bounds for binary codes using semidefinite programming. In this paper we adapt this approach to codes on the unit sphere and we compute new upper bounds for the kissing number in several dimensions.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2008-04-10 Christine Bachoc , Frank Vallentin

The kissing number of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is the maximum number of pairwise-nonoverlapping unit spheres that can simultaneously touch a central unit sphere. Mittelmann and Vallentin (2010), based on the semidefinite programming bound of Bachoc…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-19 Fabrício Caluza Machado , Fernando Mário de Oliveira Filho

An elementary construction using binary codes gives new record kissing numbers in dimensions from 32 to 128.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-07-16 Yves Edel , E. M. Rains , N. J. A. Sloane

We prove that the kissing number in 48 dimensions among antipodal spherical codes with certain forbidden inner products is 52\,416\,000. Constructions of attaining codes as kissing configurations of minimum vectors in even unimodular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-11 Peter Boyvalenkov , Danila Cherkashin

This review paper is devoted to the problems of sphere packings in 4 dimensions. The main goal is to find reasonable approaches for solutions to problems related to densest sphere packings in 4-dimensional Euclidean space. We consider two…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-06-26 Oleg R. Musin

The so-called {\it kissing number} for hyperbolic surfaces is the maximum number of homotopically distinct systoles a surface of given genus $g$ can have. These numbers, first studied (and named) by Schmutz Schaller by analogy with lattice…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Hugo Parlier

This paper provides upper and lower bounds on the kissing number of congruent radius $r > 0$ spheres in hyperbolic $\mathbb{H}^n$ and spherical $\mathbb{S}^n$ spaces, for $n\geq 2$. For that purpose, the kissing number is replaced by the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-27 Maria Dostert , Alexander Kolpakov

These lecture notes treat the solution of the kissing number problem in four dimesions which is based on an extension of the Delsarte method for spherical codes.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Oleg R. Musin

We prove that the kissing numbers in 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 dimensions are at least 5730, 7654, 11692, 19448, and 29768, respectively. The previous records were set by Leech in 1967, and we improve on them by 384, 256, 1024, 2048, and 2048.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Henry Cohn , Anqi Li

The kissing number k(3) is the maximal number of equal size nonoverlapping spheres in three dimensions that can touch another sphere of the same size. This number was the subject of a famous discussion between Isaac Newton and David Gregory…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Oleg R. Musin

In this paper, we give some new lower bounds for the kissing number of $\ell_p$-spheres. These results improve the previous work due to Xu (2007). Our method is based on coding theory.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Chengfei Xie , Gennian Ge

Since Isaac Newton first studied the Kissing Number Problem in 1694, determining the maximal number of non-overlapping spheres around a central sphere has remained a fundamental challenge. This problem is the local analogue of Hilbert's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Chengdong Ma , Théo Tao Zhaowei , Pengyu Li , Minghao Liu , Haojun Chen , Zihao Mao , Yuan Cheng , Yuan Qi , Yaodong Yang

A new upper bound $\kappa_T(K_n)\leq 2.9162^{(1+o(1))n}$ for the translative kissing number of the $n$-dimensional cross-polytope $K_n$ is proved, improving on Hadwiger's bound $\kappa_T(K_n)\leq 3^n-1$ from 1957. Furthermore, it is shown…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Niklas Miller

Contact numbers are natural extensions of kissing numbers. In this paper we give estimates for the number of contacts in a totally separable packing of n unit balls in Euclidean d-space for all n>1 and d>1.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Karoly Bezdek , Balazs Szalkai , Istvan Szalkai

Let the kissing number $K(d)$ be the maximum number of non-overlapping unit balls in $\mathbb R^d$ that can touch a given unit ball. Determining or estimating the number $K(d)$ has a long history, with the value of $K(3)$ being the subject…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Irene Gil Fernández , Jaehoon Kim , Hong Liu , Oleg Pikhurko
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