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The algebraic $\lambda$-calculus is an extension of the ordinary $\lambda$-calculus with linear combinations of terms. We establish that two ordinary $\lambda$-terms are equivalent in the algebraic $\lambda$-calculus iff they are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Axel Kerinec , Lionel Vaux Auclair

We study the Lagrangian for a sigma model based on the non-compact Heisenberg group. A unique feature of this model -- unlike the case for compact Lie groups -- is that the definition of the Lagrangian has to be regulated since the trace…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Belal E. Baaquie , Yim Kok Kean

The interplay between the chiral anomaly and the non-leptonic weak Hamiltonian is studied. The structure of the corresponding effective Lagrangian of odd intrinsic parity is established. It is shown that the factorizable contributions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 J. Bijnens , G. Ecker , A. Pich

Let $\Lambda$ be a closed, connected Legendrian submanifold of the 1-jet space of a smooth $n$-dimensional manifold. Associated to $\Lambda$ there is a Legendrian invariant called Legendrian contact homology, which is defined by counting…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Cecilia Karlsson

In this article, we introduce rack invariants of oriented Legendrian knots in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space endowed with the standard contact structure, which we call Legendrian racks. These invariants form a generalization of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Dheeraj Kulkarni , T. V. H. Prathamesh

We prove a generalization of Bennequin's inequality for Legendrian knots in a 3-dimensional contact manifold (Y,xi), under the assumption that Y is the boundary of a 4-dimensional manifold M and the version of Seiberg-Witten invariants…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Tomasz S Mrowka , Yann Rollin

Relative self-linking and linking "numbers" for pairs of knots in oriented 3-manifolds are defined in terms of intersection invariants of immersed surfaces in 4-manifolds. The resulting concordance invariants generalize the usual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Rob Schneiderman

We study homotopically non-trivial spheres of Legendrians in the standard contact R3 and S3. We prove that there is a homotopy injection of the contactomorphism group of S3 into some connected components of the space of Legendrians induced…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Eduardo Fernández , Javier Martínez-Aguinaga , Francisco Presas

We construct the non-standard Lagrangian, called the multiplicative form, of the homogeneous scalar field and fermion field through the inverse calculus of variations, which the equation of motion still satisfies the Klein-Gordon and Dirac…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-21 Suppanat Supanyo , Monsit Tanasittikosol , Sikarin Yoo-Kong

We show that a contact $(+1)$-surgery along a Legendrian sphere in a flexibly fillable contact manifold ($c_1=0$ if not subcritical) yields a contact manifold that is algebraically overtwisted if the Legendrian's homology class is not…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Zhengyi Zhou

The Legendrian product of two Legendrian knots, as defined by Lambert-Cole, is a Legendrian torus. We show that this Legendrian torus is a twist spun whenever one of the Legendrian knot components is sufficiently large. We then study…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Georgios Dimitroglou Rizell , Roman Golovko

We prove that loose Legendrian knots in a rational homology contact 3-sphere, satisfying some additional hypothesis, are Legendrian isotopic if and only if they have the same classical invariants. The proof requires a result of Dymara on…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-06 Alberto Cavallo

This work applies the ideas of persistent homology to the problem of distinguishing Legendrian knots. We develop a persistent version of Legendrian contact homology by filtering the Chekanov-Eliashberg DGA using the action (height)…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Maya Basu , Austin Christian , Ethan Clayton , Daniel Irvine , Fredrick Mooers , Weizhe Shen

In this paper we demonstrate how the Legendre transform connects the statements of Noether's theorem in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics. We give precise definitions of symmetries and conserved quantities in both the Hamiltonian and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Jonathan Herman

We prove that all maximal-tb Legendrian torus links (n,m) in the standard contact 3-sphere, except for (2,m),(3,3),(3,4) and (3,5), admit infinitely many Lagrangian fillings in the standard symplectic 4-ball. This is proven by constructing…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Roger Casals , Honghao Gao

We introduce topological invariants of knots and braid conjugacy classes, in the form of differential graded algebras, and present an explicit combinatorial formulation for these invariants. The algebras conjecturally give the relative…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Lenhard Ng

Consistency relations, which relate the squeezed limit of an (N+1)-point correlation function to an N-point function, are non-perturbative symmetry statements that hold even if the associated high momentum modes are deep in the nonlinear…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-07 Bart Horn , Lam Hui , Xiao Xiao

We present an atlas of Legendrian knots in standard contact three-space. This gives a conjectural Legendrian classification for all knots with arc index at most 9, including alternating knots through 7 crossings and nonalternating knots…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-05-08 Wutichai Chongchitmate , Lenhard Ng

Contact homology for Legendrian submanifolds in standard contact $(2n+1)$-space is rigorously defined using moduli spaces of holomorphic disks with Lagrangian boundary conditions in complex $n$-space. It provides new invariants of…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tobias Ekholm , John Etnyre , Michael G. Sullivan

A Legendrian or transverse knot in an overtwisted contact 3-manifold is non-loose if its complement is tight and loose if its complement is overtwisted. We define three measures of the extent of non-looseness of a non-loose knot and show…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Kenneth L. Baker , Sinem Onaran