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Given a large-scale mixture of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) particles and baryon matter distributed in the early Universe, we advance here a two-phase accretion scenario for forming supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses around…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jian Hu , Yue Shen , Yu-Qing Lou , Shuangnan Zhang

Billions of isolated stellar-mass black holes (IBHs) are thought to wander through the interstellar medium (ISM) in the Galaxy, yet only one has been detected. IBHs embedded in ISM would accrete gas via Bondi-Hoyle-Littleton accretion, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-14 Koki Kin , Riku Kuze , Shigeo S. Kimura

In many theoretical scenarios it is expected that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs, with masses M ~ 100-10000 solar masses) reside at the centers of some globular clusters. However, observational evidence for their existence is limited.…

We present an expanded sample of low-mass black holes (BHs) found in galactic nuclei. Using standard virial mass techniques to estimate BH masses, we select from the Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey all broad-line active…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jenny E. Greene , Luis C. Ho

We present a sample of 930 intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with black hole masses of $M_\mathrm{BH} \leqslant 2 \times 10^{6}$ M$_{\odot}$, uniformly selected from the Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-12 Wen-Juan Liu , Luis C. Ho , Xiao-Bo Dong , Su Yao , Paulina Lira , Yicheng Guo

Many scenarios have been proposed for the origin of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that are found in the centres of most galaxies. Many of these formation scenarios predict a high-redshift population of intermediate-mass black holes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Joseph E. Plowman , Daniel C. Jacobs , Ronald W. Hellings , Shane L. Larson , Sachiko Tsuruta

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with masses below ($2 \times 10^5 M_{\odot}$) are pivotal in understanding the origin and growth mechanisms of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei. This study focuses on the search and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-03 V. Goradzhanov , I. Chilingarian , M. Demianenko , I. Katkov , K. Grishin , V. Toptun , E. Rubtsov , D. Gasymov , I. Kuzmin

We study accretion in binaries hosting an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH) of 1000 solar masses, and a donor star more massive than 15 solar masses. These systems experience an active X-ray phase characterized by luminosities varying…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Patruno , M. Colpi , A. Faulkner , A. Possenti

We study the formation of intermediate-mass ratio inspirals (IMRIs) triggered by the interactions between two stellar black holes (BHs) and an intermediate-mass BH (IMBH) inhabiting the centre of a dense star cluster. We exploit $N$-body…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-08-18 Manuel Arca-Sedda , Pau Amaro-Seoane , Xian Chen

This is the second in a series of papers reporting on a large reverberation mapping (RM) campaign to measure black hole (BH) mass in high accretion rate active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The goal is to identify super-Eddington accreting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-22 Jian-Min Wang , Pu Du , Chen Hu , Hagai Netzer , Jin-Ming Bai , Kai-Xing Lu , Shai Kaspi , Jie Qiu , Yan-Rong Li , Fang Wang

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) occupy the $ 10^2 - 10^5\,M_\odot $ range, but their existence remains poorly constrained. Only a few candidates have been suggested in dwarf galaxies, globular clusters, and LIGO-Virgo-Kagra…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-10 Cristiano Ugolini

We present new mass measurements for the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the centres of three early-type galaxies. The gas pressure in the surrounding, hot interstellar medium (ISM) is measured through spatially resolved spectroscopy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-28 Philip J. Humphrey , David A. Buote , Fabrizio Brighenti , Karl Gebhardt , William G. Mathews

While mounting observational evidence suggests that intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) may be important in shaping the properties of dwarf galaxies both at high redshifts and in the local Universe, our theoretical understanding of how…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-22 Eun-jin Shin , Debora Sijacki , Matthew C. Smith , Martin A. Bourne , Sophie Koudmani

The fraction of dwarf galaxies hosting central, intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) at low redshifts is an important observational probe of black hole seeding at high redshift. Detections of nuclear accretion signatures in dwarf galaxies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-15 Colin J. Burke , Priyamvada Natarajan , Vivienne F. Baldassare , Marla Geha

Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses between 100 to 10^5 M_\odot, represent the link between stellar mass black holes and the supermassive black holes that reside in galaxy centers. While IMBHs are crucial to our understanding…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-25 Jenna M. Cann , Shobita Satyapal , Nicholas P. Abel , Claudio Ricci , Nathan J. Secrest , Laura Blecha , Mario Gliozzi

If "seed" central black holes were common in the subgalactic building blocks that merged to form present-day massive galaxies, then relic intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) should be present in the Galactic bulge and halo. We use a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Valery Rashkov , Piero Madau

Astrophysical scenarios for the formation and evolution of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in the mass range $10^2 M_\odot \lesssim M \lesssim 10^6 M_\odot$ remain uncertain, but future ground-based gravitational-wave (GW)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-12 Luca Reali , Roberto Cotesta , Andrea Antonelli , Konstantinos Kritos , Vladimir Strokov , Emanuele Berti

Decades after the first predictions of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters (GCs) there is still no unambiguous observational evidence for their existence. The most promising signatures for IMBHs are found in the cores…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 Stefan Umbreit , Frederic A. Rasio

Many black hole (BH) candidates exist, ranging from supermassive ($\sim10^{6}$--$10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$) to stellar masses ($\sim 1$--$100$ M$_{\odot}$), all of them identified by indirect processes. Although there are no known candidate BHs…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-09 J. L. G. Sobrinho , P. Augusto

A number of scenarios have been proposed for the origin of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that are found in the centres of most galaxies. Many such scenarios predict a high-redshift population of massive black holes (MBHs), with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Joseph E. Plowman , Ronald W. Hellings , Sachiko Tsuruta