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Nearly every massive galaxy harbors a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in its nucleus. SMBH masses are millions to billions $M_{\odot}$, and they correlate with properties of spheroids of their host galaxies. While the SMBH growth channels,…

We have performed a detailed analysis of the local super-massive black-hole (SMBH) mass function based on both kinematic and photometric data and derived an accurate analytical fit in the range 10^6 <= (M_BH/M_sun) <= 5*10^9. We find a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 F. Shankar , P. Salucci , G. L. Granato , G. De Zotti , L. Danese

Context: A large number of isolated black holes (IBHs) are expected to populate the Galaxy. However, only one has been confirmed by the analysis of a microlensing event, and no confirmed emission detection from an IBH has been reported so…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-06 Javier Rodrigo Martinez , Valenti Bosch-Ramon , Florencia Laura Vieyro , Santiago del Palacio

Intermediate mass black holes (10^2 < M_BH< 10^5 Msun) are an open question in our understanding of black hole evolution and growth. They have long been linked to dense star cluster environments thanks to cluster dynamics, but there are a…

In order to constrain the density of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in galaxies, we run smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of a gas-rich disc dwarf galaxy, where different halo and disc populations of IMBHs are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 M. Mapelli

The origin of supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galaxy centers still remains uncertain. There are two possible ways of their formation - from massive ($10^5 - 10^6 M_{\odot}$) and low-mass ($100 M_{\odot}$) BH nuclei. The latter scenario…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-28 Victoria Toptun , Igor Chilingarian , Kirill Grishin , Ivan Katkov , Ivan Zolotukhin , Vladimir Goradzhanov , Mariia Demianenko , Ivan Kuzmun

Evidence for dust around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the early Universe is strongly suggested by recent observations. However, the accretion mechanism of SMBHs in dusty gas is not well understood yet. We investigate the growth of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-30 Hidenobu Yajima , Massimo Ricotti , KwangHo Park , Kazuyuki Sugimura

Young dense massive star clusters are a promising environment for the formation of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) through collisions. We present a set of 80 simulations carried out with Nbody6++GPU of 10 initial conditions for…

In this third paper of a series, we study the growth and luminosity of black holes (BHs) in motion with respect to their surrounding medium. We run a large set of two-dimensional (2D) axis-symmetric simulations to explore a large parameter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 KwangHo Park , Massimo Ricotti

Combining a theoretical model of mass accretion onto a galactic center with a high-resolution $N$-body/SPH simulation, we investigate the formation of an intermediate massive black hole (IMBH) during the hierarchical formation of a small…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Nozomu Kawakatu , Takayuki R. Saitoh , Keiichi Wada

JWST/MIRI observations can place photometric limits on the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) near the Galactic Centre. The stellar complex IRS 13E, a co-moving conglomerate of young and massive stars, is a prime location to…

The population of stellar black holes (SBHs) in the Galaxy and galaxies generally is poorly known in both number and distribution. SBHs are the fossil record of the massive stars in galaxy evolution and may have produced some (if not all)…

Observations of luminous quasars at $z\gtrsim7$ reveal supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with inferred masses $M_{\rm BH}\sim10^9 \, M_\odot$ formed within the first $\sim700$~Myr of cosmic history. Standard growth channels \textrm{ -- }…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-21 Chian-Shu Chen , Feng-Li Lin

The nature of the seeds of the observed high-z super-massive black holes (SMBH) is unknown. Although different options have been proposed, involving e.g. intermediate mass direct collapse black holes, BH remnants of massive stars remain the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-26 Maria Carmela Orofino , Andrea Ferrara , Simona Gallerani

We study radio and X-ray emissions from IMBHs and explore the unified model for accretion and ejection processes. The radio band survey of IMBH (candidate) hosted galaxies indicates that only a small fraction ($\sim$0.6\%) of them are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-23 Xiaolong Yang , Jun Yang

We investigate the evolution of star clusters containing intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) of $300$ to $5000\ \mathrm{M}_\odot$, focusing on the formation and evolution of IMBH-stellar mass black holes (SBHs; $M_{\rm BH} \lesssim 10^2\…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-31 Seungjae Lee , Hyung Mok Lee , Ji-hoon Kim , Rainer Spurzem , Jongsuk Hong , Eunwoo Chung

For over a decade, both theoretical predictions and observational studies have suggested that $\omega$ Centauri ($\omega$ Cen), the most massive Milky Way globular cluster, might harbor an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Recently,…

High-redshift ($z>2$) blazars, with relativistic jets aligned toward us, probe the most powerful end of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) population. We aim at determining the black hole masses and mass accretion rates of high-$z$ blazars in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-15 G. Kyriopoulos , M. Petropoulou , G. Vasilopoulos , D. Hatzidimitriou

We report the formation of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in suites of numerical $N$-body simulations of Population III remnant black holes (BHs) embedded in gas-rich protogalaxies at redshifts $z\gtrsim10$. We model the effects of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-27 Taeho Ryu , Takamitsu L. Tanaka , Rosalba Perna , Zoltan Haiman

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs: masses between $100 - 10^{6} M_{\odot}$) historically comprise of an elusive population compared to stellar-mass and supermassive BHs. Recently IMBHs have started to be observed at the centers of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-06-19 Paramita Barai , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino