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We show that for n>2 the following equivalence problems are essentially the same: the equivalence problem for Lagrangians of order n with one dependent and one independent variable considered up to a contact transformation, a multiplication…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-04-13 Boris Doubrov , Igor Zelenko

The Hamiltonian formulation plays the essential role in constructing the framework of modern physics. In this paper, a new form of canonical equations of Hamilton with the complete symmetry is obtained, which are valid not only for the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2012-12-11 Guo Liang , Qi Guo

We review non-autonomous Hamiltonian systems, polynomial in two dependent variables, with the property that all of their solutions are meromorphic functions in the complex plane. These are related to known Hamiltonian systems with the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2026-05-21 Marta Dell'Atti , Thomas Kecker

Motivated by the problem of longitudinal data assimilation, e.g., in the registration of a sequence of images, we develop the higher-order framework for Lagrangian and Hamiltonian reduction by symmetry in geometric mechanics. In particular,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-07-02 François Gay-Balmaz , Darryl D. Holm , Tudor S. Ratiu

In this paper we introduce a geometric description of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian classical field theories on Lie algebroids in the framework of k-symplectic geometry. We discuss the relation between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian descriptions…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-28 M. de Leon , D. Martin de Diego , M. Salgado , S. Vilariño

Periodic Hamiltonians on a three-dimensional (3-D) lattice with a spectral gap not only on the bulk but also on two edges at the common Fermi level are considered. By using K-theory applied for the quarter-plane Toeplitz extension, two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-18 Shin Hayashi

Of four types of Kaplansky algebras, type-2 and type-4 algebras have previously unobserved $\mathbb{Z}/2$-gradings: nonlinear in roots. A method assigning a simple Lie superalgebra to every $\mathbb{Z}/2$-graded simple Lie algebra in…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Sofiane Bouarroudj , Alexei Lebedev , Dimitry Leites , Irina Shchepochkina

Automorphisms of finite order and real forms of "smooth" affine Kac-Moody algebras are studied, i.e. of 2-dimensional extensions of the algebra of smooth loops in a simple Lie algebra. It is shown that they can be parametrized by certain…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-04-01 Ernst Heintze , Christian Groß

Most of the laws of Nature involve derivatives up to the second order. Ostrogradski was the first to seek a formulation of the equations of higher-order derivatives. He extended Hamilton's equations by considering Lagrangians that depend on…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-20 Cássius Anderson Miquele de Melo , Ivan Francisco de Souza

For an affine double plane defined by an equation of the form z^2 = f, we study the divisor class group and the Brauer group. Two cases are considered. In the first case, f is a product of n linear forms in k[x,y] and X is birational to a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-12-05 Timothy J. Ford

This paper is a survey article on bi-Hamiltonian systems on the dual of the Lie algebra of vector fields on the circle. We investigate the special case where one of the structures is the canonical Lie-Poisson structure and the second one is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-09-03 Boris Kolev

We use the Fr\"olicher-Nijenhuis formalism to reformulate the inverse problem of the calculus of variations for a system of differential equations of order 2k in terms of a semi-basic 1-form of order k. Within this general context, we use…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Ioan Bucataru

In this article we study fine regularity properties for mappings of finite distortion. Our main theorems yield strongly localized regularity results in the borderline case in the class of maps of exponentially integrable distortion.…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Olli Hirviniemi , István Prause , Eero Saksman

Recently, Lobb and Nijhoff initiated the study of variational (Lagrangian) structure of discrete integrable systems from the perspective of multi-dimensional consistency. In the present work, we follow this line of research and develop a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-03-13 Yuri B. Suris

We define discrete Hamiltonian systems in the framework of discrete embeddings. An explicit comparison with previous attempts is given. We then solve the discrete Helmholtz's inverse problem for the discrete calculus of variation in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-01-15 Jacky Cresson , Frédéric Pierret

We study the geometry of the stratification induced by an affine hyperplane arrangement H on the quotient of a complex affine space by the action of a discrete group preserving H. We give conditions ensuring normality or normality in…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-18 Giovanna Carnovale , Francesco Esposito

The aim of the present text is twofold: to provide a compendium of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian geometries and to introduce and investigate new analytical Mechanics: Finslerian, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian. The fundamental equations (or…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Radu Miron

The geometrical structure known as the Tulczyjew triple has proved to be very useful in describing mechanical systems, even those with singular Lagrangians or subject to constraints. Starting from basic concepts of variational calculus, we…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-30 Katarzyna Grabowska

Classical affine Lie algebras appear e.g. as symmetries of infinite dimensional integrable systems and are related to certain differential equations. They are central extensions of current algebras associated to finite-dimensional Lie…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Schlichenmaier

The paper deals with affine 2-dimensional Toda field theories related to simple Lie algebras of the classical series ${\bf D}_r$. We demonstrate that the complexification procedure followed by a restriction to a specified real Hamiltonian…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-03-12 Vladimir S. Gerdjikov , Georgi G. Grahovski