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Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions in a proton are important in high energy physics from both theoretical and phenomenological points of view. Using the latest RHIC and LHC data on the inclusive soft hadron production…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-09-19 N. A. Abdulov , H. Jung , A. V. Lipatov , G. I. Lykasov , M. A. Malyshev

We initiate the study of transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions for heavy quarks, demonstrate their factorization in terms of novel nonperturbative matrix elements in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET), and prove new…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-06 Rebecca von Kuk , Johannes K. L. Michel , Zhiquan Sun

We present the potential of $\eta_{b,c}$ production in proton collisions to access the gluon transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). In particular, we explore the phenomenology of the unpolarized and linearly-polarized…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-17 Alessandro Bacchetta , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Marco Radici , Andrea Signori

$J/\psi$- or $\Upsilon$-pair production at the LHC are promising processes to study the gluon transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) which remain very poorly known. In this article, we improve on previous results by including the TMD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-26 Florent Scarpa , Daniël Boer , Miguel G. Echevarria , Jean-Philippe Lansberg , Cristian Pisano , Marc Schlegel

Charged hadron differential distributions from muon-induced deep inelastic scattering, DIS, on a $^6$LiD target are presented as function of the DIS variables $x_{Bj}$, $Q^2$, $W^2$ and the hadron variables $p_T$ and $z$. They can be used…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2010-08-31 Jean-Francois Rajotte

We present a calculation of the leading-twist (twist-2) generalized transverse momentum distributions (GTMDs) for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized gluons in the proton, using a recently developed light-front gluon spectator model…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-23 Dipankar Chakrabarti , Bheemsehan Gurjar , Asmita Mukherjee , Kauship Saha

We present a model calculation of the T-odd transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon fragmentation functions for a spin-1/2 hadron. Our model is based on the postulation that a time-like off-shell gluon can fragment into a hadron and a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-21 Xiupeng Xie , Zhun Lu

We revisit the model-independent decomposition of the gluon correlator, producing T-even and T-odd gluon transverse momentum distributions (TMDs), at leading twist. We propose an expansion of the gluon correlator, using a basis of four…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-05 Valery E. Lyubovitskij , Ivan Schmidt

We present novel analyses on accessing the 3D gluon content of the proton via spin-dependent TMD gluon densities, calculated through the spectator-model approach. Our formalism embodies a fit-based spectator-mass modulation function, suited…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-01 Alessandro Bacchetta , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Marco Radici

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distribution correlators can be parametrized in terms of TMD parton distribution functions (PDFs), or TMDs for short. We provide an overview of the leading-twist quark and gluon TMDs, both in momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-21 Tom van Daal

We investigate the azimuthal asymmetries such as $\cos2{\phi_T}$ and Sivers symmetry for $J/\psi$ and $\pi^\pm$ production in electron-proton scattering, focusing on scenarios where the $J/\psi$ and the pion are produced in an almost…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-08-13 Khatiza Banu , Asmita Mukherjee , Amol Pawar , Sangem Rajesh

This is a brief overview of the spin physics opportunities at a high energy, high luminosity, polarized Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). It covers measurements of electroweak polarized structure functions, quark and gluon PDFs, TMDs, GPDs and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-07-23 Daniël Boer

We present a model calculation of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon fragmentation functions for the spin-1/2 and spin-0 hadrons. The model is based on the assumption that a time-like off-shell gluon can fragments into a hadron and a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-14 Xiupeng Xie , Zhun Lu

We present a model calculation of T-odd transverse-momentum-dependent distributions of gluons in the nucleon. The model is based on the assumption that a nucleon can emit a gluon, and what remains after the emission is treated as a single…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-28 Alessandro Bacchetta , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Marco Radici

We investigate the dependence of the deep inelastic proton structure function $F_L(x, Q^2)$ on different forms of the transverse momentum dependent (TMD, or unintegrated) gluon distribution. We present a comparison of theoretical results…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-25 Lipatov A. V. , Lykasov G. I. , Malyshev M. A

The impact of the inclusion of TMD shape functions on the transverse momentum spectrum in $J/\psi$ production at the EIC is investigated by considering the matching of the TMD factorization description at low transverse momentum with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-15 Luca Maxia , Daniël Boer , Jelle Bor

We calculate polarization asymmetries in photoproduction of high transverse momentum mesons, focusing on charged pions, considering the direct, fragmentation, and resolved photon processes. The results at very high meson momentum measure…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 Andrei Afanasev , Carl E. Carlson , Christian Wahlquist

Transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon distributions have different operator definitions, depending on the process under consideration. We study that aspect of TMD factorization in the small-x limit, for the various unpolarized TMD gluon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-01-10 C. Marquet , E. Petreska , C. Roiesnel

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), TMDs for short, are defined as the Fourier transform of matrix elements of nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon fields. The nonlocality is bridged by gauge links,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-30 D. Boer , M. G. A. Buffing , P. J. Mulders

Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), in short referred to as TMDs, also take into account the transverse momentum (pT) of the partons. Just as the pT-integrated analogues we want to link them to quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 M. G. A. Buffing , P. J. Mulders , A. Mukherjee