Related papers: Geometric interpretation of phyllotaxis transition

We study the kinetics of the nematic-isotropic transition in a two-dimensional liquid crystal by using a lattice Boltzmann scheme that couples the tensor order parameter and the flow consistently. Unlike in previous studies, we find the…

Phase separation is not only ubiquitous in diverse physical systems, but also plays an important organizational role inside biological cells. However, experimental studies of intracellular condensates (drops with condensed concentrations of…

The low-temperature crystal structure of Fe1.13Te, which exhibits an anomalous two-step magnetic transition, was clarified by the systematic x-ray diffraction measurements. It was found that two-step structural phase transition,…

We provide information about the asymptotic regimes for a homogeneous fragmentation of a finite set. We establish a phase transition for the asymptotic behaviours of the shattering times, defined as the first instants when all the blocks of…

The variation in the figure axis in the Earth owing to the geophysical causes directly reflects the physical state of the Earth and therefore, it is important for understanding the Earth. Of the variations in the figure axis arising from…

A classical result, fundamental to evolutionary biology, states that an edge-weighted tree $T$ with leaf set $X$, positive edge weights, and no vertices of degree 2 can be uniquely reconstructed from the set of leaf-to-leaf distances…

In one-dimensional random walks, the waiting time for each direction transitions is the same, even in the presence of bias, as a consequence of the microscopic-reversibility. We study the symmetry breaking of forward/ backward transition…

We define a spatially-dependent fragmentation process, which involves rectangles breaking up into progressively smaller pieces at rates that depend on their shape. Long, thin rectangles are more likely to break quickly, and are also more…

Consider the following partial "sorting algorithm" on permutations: take the first entry of the permutation in one-line notation and insert it into the position of its own value. Continue until the first entry is 1. This process imposes a…

This is an investigation of the role of shuffling and concatenating in the theory of graph drawing. A simple syntactic description of these and related operations is proved complete in the context of finite partial orders, as general as…

The energetically optimal position of lattice defects on intrinsically curved surfaces is a complex function of shape parameters. For open surfaces, a simple condition predicts the critical size for which a central disclination yields lower…

An approach is suggested for treating multiscale fluctuations in macromolecular systems. The emphasis is on the statistical properties of such fluctuations. The approach is illustrated by a macromolecular system with mesoscopic fluctuations…

We report the structure of transient fluctuations in the liquid phase of a two-dimensional system that exhibits several ordered phases with different symmetries. The density-temperature phase diagram of the system studied, composed of…

The movement of grain boundaries in pure metals and alloys with a low concentration of dislocations has been historically proved to follow curvature flow behavior. This mechanism is typically known as grain growth (GG). However, recent 3D…

Orthology and paralogy relations are often inferred by methods based on gene similarity, which usually yield a graph depicting the relationships between gene pairs. Such relation graphs are known to frequently contain errors, as they cannot…

The possible paralelism existing between phase transitions and fracture in disordered materials, is discussed using the well-known Fiber Bundle Models and a probabilistic approach suited to smooth fluctuations near the critical point. Two…

We study random typical minimal factorizations of the $n$-cycle into transpositions, which are factorizations of $(1, \ldots,n)$ as a product of $n-1$ transpositions. By viewing transpositions as chords of the unit disk and by reading them…

Evolutionary events such as incomplete lineage sorting and lateral gene transfer constitute major problems for inferring species trees from gene trees, as they can sometimes lead to gene trees which conflict with the underlying species…

Phylogenetic tree shapes capture fundamental signatures of evolution. We consider ``ranked'' tree shapes, which are equipped with a total order on the internal nodes compatible with the tree graph. Recent work has established an elegant…

It is proposed that the co-expression of statistically significant motifs among the sequences of a proteome is a phylogenetic trait. From the co-expression matrix of such motifs in a group of prokaryotic proteomes a suitable definition of a…