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A simple and natural algorithm for reinforcement learning (RL) is Monte Carlo Exploring Starts (MCES), where the Q-function is estimated by averaging the Monte Carlo returns, and the policy is improved by choosing actions that maximize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Che Wang , Shuhan Yuan , Kai Shao , Keith Ross

Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) has driven many recent breakthroughs in deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, scaling MCTS to parallel compute has proven challenging in practice which has motivated alternative planners like sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Joery A. de Vries , Jinke He , Yaniv Oren , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

In this article we develop a new sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method for multilevel (ML) Monte Carlo estimation. In particular, the method can be used to estimate expectations with respect to a target probability distribution over an…

Computation · Statistics 2017-03-16 Alexandros Beskos , Ajay Jasra , Kody Law , Youssef Marzouk , Yan Zhou

Policy gradient methods are powerful reinforcement learning algorithms and have been demonstrated to solve many complex tasks. However, these methods are also data-inefficient, afflicted with high variance gradient estimates, and frequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Andreas Doerr , Michael Volpp , Marc Toussaint , Sebastian Trimpe , Christian Daniel

This is a course project report with complete methodology, experiments, references and mathematical derivations. Matrix factorization [1] is a widely used technique in recommendation systems. Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (PMF) [2]…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ruixuan Xu , Xiangxiang Weng

Modified policy iteration (MPI) is a dynamic programming algorithm that combines elements of policy iteration and value iteration. The convergence of MPI has been well studied in the context of discounted and average-cost MDPs. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Yashaswini Murthy , Mehrdad Moharrami , R. Srikant

Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) is an algorithm that incorporates stochastic modification of the action as part of the process that updates the fields in a Monte Carlo simulation. Such update moves have the potential of lowering or eliminating…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-06-22 Arjun Singh Gambhir , Kostas Orginos

Monte Carlo Exploring Starts (MCES), which aims to learn the optimal policy using only sample returns, is a simple and natural algorithm in reinforcement learning which has been shown to converge under various conditions. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Suei-Wen Chen , Keith Ross , Pierre Youssef

Policy mirror descent (PMD) is a general policy optimization framework in reinforcement learning, which can cover a wide range of typical policy optimization methods by specifying different mirror maps. Existing analysis of PMD requires…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Jiacai Liu , Wenye Li , Ke Wei

We present a full implementation and simulation of a novel quantum reinforcement learning method. Our work is a detailed and formal proof of concept for how quantum algorithms can be used to solve reinforcement learning problems and shows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Simon Wiedemann , Daniel Hein , Steffen Udluft , Christian Mendl

Large, sparse linear systems are pervasive in modern science and engineering, and Krylov subspace solvers are an established means of solving them. Yet convergence can be slow for ill-conditioned matrices, so practical deployments usually…

We study inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) and imitation learning (IM), the problems of recovering a reward or policy function from expert's demonstrated trajectories. We propose a new way to improve the learning process by adding a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Patrick Jaillet

Any search or sampling algorithm for solution of inverse problems needs guidance to be efficient. Many algorithms collect and apply information about the problem on the fly, and much improvement has been made in this way. However, as a…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-05-19 Sarouyeh Khoshkholgh , Andrea Zunino , Klaus Mosegaard

A Monte Carlo method for computing the action of a matrix exponential for a certain class of matrices on a vector is proposed. The method is based on generating random paths, which evolve through the indices of the matrix, governed by a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Juan A. Acebron

Policy iteration (PI) is a recursive process of policy evaluation and improvement for solving an optimal decision-making/control problem, or in other words, a reinforcement learning (RL) problem. PI has also served as the fundamental for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Jaeyoung Lee , Richard S. Sutton

Adaptive and interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms (MCMC) have been recently introduced in the literature. These novel simulation algorithms are designed to increase the simulation efficiency to sample complex distributions.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-15 G. Fort , E. Moulines , P. Priouret

Obtaining the inverse of a large symmetric positive definite matrix $\mathcal{A}\in\mathbb{R}^{p\times p}$ is a continual challenge across many mathematical disciplines. The computational complexity associated with direct methods can be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Ann Paterson , Jennifer Pestana , Victorita Dolean

This paper investigates estimating the variance of a temporal-difference learning agent's update target. Most reinforcement learning methods use an estimate of the value function, which captures how good it is for the agent to be in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Craig Sherstan , Brendan Bennett , Kenny Young , Dylan R. Ashley , Adam White , Martha White , Richard S. Sutton

Natural gradients have long been studied in deep reinforcement learning due to their fast convergence properties and covariant weight updates. However, computing natural gradients requires inversion of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yingxiao Huo , Satya Prakash Dash , Radu Stoican , Samuel Kaski , Mingfei Sun

For continuing tasks, average cost Markov decision processes have well-documented value and can be solved using efficient algorithms. However, it explicitly assumes that the agent is risk-neutral. In this work, we extend risk-neutral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Weikai Wang , Erick Delage