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Let $F$ be a graph which contains an edge whose deletion reduces its chromatic number. We prove tight bounds on the number of copies of $F$ in a graph with a prescribed number of vertices and edges. Our results extend those of Simonovits,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-20 Dhruv Mubayi

Given a palette of six colors, a colored cube is a cube where each face is colored with exactly one color and each color appears on some face. Starting with an arbitrary collection of unit length colored cubes, one can try to arrange a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-26 Ethan Berkove , David Cervantes Nava , Daniel Condon , Rachel Katz

The generalized Ramsey number $f(n, p, q)$ is the smallest number of colors needed to color the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ so that every $p$-clique spans at least $q$ colors. Erd\H{o}s and Gy\'arf\'as showed that $f(n, p, q)$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Patrick Bennett , Ryan Cushman , Andrzej Dudek

Motivated by a problem in theoretical computer science suggested by Wigderson, Alon and Ben-Eliezer studied the following extremal problem systematically one decade ago. Given a graph $H$, let $C(n,H)$ be the minimum number $k$ such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-06 Xinbu Cheng , Zixiang Xu

Erdos and Sos proposed a problem of determining the maximum number F(n) of rainbow triangles in 3-edge-colored complete graphs on n vertices. They conjectured that F(n) = F(a)+ F(b)+F(c)+F(d)+abc+abd+acd+bcd, where a+b+c+d = n and a, b, c,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-04 Jozsef Balogh , Ping Hu , Bernard Lidicky , Florian Pfender , Jan Volec , Michael Young

We establish a sharp upper bound on the number of properly $3$-edge-colored $K_4$'s in graphs with $R$ red, $G$ green and $B$ blue edges. We give a computer-free flag-algebra proof of this bound, and we also convert our proof into a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-18 József Balogh , Peter Bradshaw , Ramon I. Garcia , Bernard Lidický

We prove that every proper edge-coloring of the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$ contains a rainbow copy of every tree $T$ on at most $n$ edges. This result is best possible, as $Q_n$ can be properly edge-colored using only $n$ colors while…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Nicholas Crawford , Maya Sankar , Carl Schildkraut , Sam Spiro

The Petersen colouring conjecture states that every bridgeless cubic graph admits an edge-colouring with $5$ colours such that for every edge $e$, the set of colours assigned to the edges adjacent to $e$ has cardinality either $2$ or $4$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-11 François Pirot , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , Riste Škrekovski

The Cyclic Coloring Conjecture asserts that the vertices of every plane graph with maximum face size D can be colored using at most 3D/2 colors in such a way that no face is incident with two vertices of the same color. The Cyclic Coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-08 Michael Hebdige , Daniel Kral

The generalized Ramsey number $r(G, H, q)$ is the minimum number of colors needed to color the edges of $G$ such that every isomorphic copy of $H$ has at least $q$ colors. In this note, we improve the upper and lower bounds on $r(K_{n, n},…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ with an edge-coloring $c$, and let $\delta^c(G)$ denote the minimum color degree of $G$. A subgraph $F$ of $G$ is called rainbow if all edges of $F$ have pairwise distinct colors. There have been a lot…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-23 Xiaozheng Chen , Xueliang Li

The Van der Waerden number $W(k,r)$ denotes the smallest $n$ such that whenever $[n]$ is $r$--colored there exists a monochromatic arithmetic progression of length $k$. Similarly, the Hilbert cube number $h(k,r)$ denotes the smallest $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-24 József Balogh , Mikhail Lavrov , George Shakan , Adam Zsolt Wagner

Let $\text{ac}(n,k)$ denote the smallest positive integer with the property that there exists an $n$-colouring $f$ of $\{1,\dots,\text{ac}(n,k)\}$ such that for every $k$-subset $R \subseteq \{1, \dots, n\}$ there exists an (arithmetic)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-12 Leonardo Alese , Stefan Lendl , Paul Tabatabai

A balanced edge-coloring of the complete graph is an edge-coloring such that every vertex is incident to each color the same number of times. In this short note, we present a construction of a balanced edge-coloring with six colors of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-29 Felix Christian Clemen , Adam Zsolt Wagner

A $(p,q)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring of $G$ which assigns at least $q$ colors to each $p$-clique. The problem of determining the minimum number of colors, $f(n,p,q)$, needed to give a $(p,q)$-coloring of the complete graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Alex Cameron , Emily Heath

What is the maximum, over all 2-colourings of the edges of the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$, of the minimal number of times a path between a vertex $v$ and its antipode $\bar{v}$ changes colour? A conjecture of Norine, in a form due to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Lawrence Hollom

A two-coloring of the vertices $V$ of the hypergraph $H=(V, E)$ by red and blue has discrepancy $d$ if $d$ is the largest difference between the number of red and blue points in any edge. Let $f(n)$ be the fewest number of edges in an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-04 Danila Cherkashin , Fedor Petrov

An edge-coloured graph is said to be rainbow if no colour appears more than once. Extremal problems involving rainbow objects have been a focus of much research over the last decade as they capture the essence of a number of interesting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Noga Alon , Matija Bucić , Lisa Sauermann , Dmitrii Zakharov , Or Zamir

In a properly edge colored graph, a subgraph using every color at most once is called rainbow. In this thesis, we study rainbow cycles and paths in proper edge colorings of complete graphs, and we prove that in every proper edge coloring of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-07-05 Heidi Gebauer , Frank Mousset

Colour the edges of the complete graph with vertex set $\{1, 2, \dotsc, n\}$ with an arbitrary number of colours. What is the smallest integer $f(l,k)$ such that if $n > f(l,k)$ then there must exist a monotone monochromatic path of length…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-02 António Girão , Freddie Illingworth , Lukas Michel , Michael Savery , Alex Scott