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The ability to directly follow and time resolve the rearrangement of the nuclei within molecules is a frontier of science that requires atomic spatial and few-femtosecond temporal resolutions. While laser induced electron diffraction can…

The advent of X-ray Free Electron Lasers promises the possibility to determine the structure of individual particles such as microcrystallites, viruses and biomolecules from single-shot diffraction snapshots obtained before the particle is…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-05-06 Brian Moths , Abbas Ourmazd

Alignment and orientation of molecules by intense, ultrashort laser fields are crucial for a variety of applications in physics and chemistry. These include control of high harmonics generation, molecular orbitals tomography, control of…

We study a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation which arises as an effective single particle model in X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL). This equation appears as a first-principles model for the beam-matter interactions that would take place in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-06-18 Paolo Antonelli , Agissilaos Athanassoulis , Zhongyi Huang , Peter A. Markowich

Fluorescent molecules emit light in a dipole radiation pattern that can be used to infer their orientation through defocused fluorescence microscopy. Proper measurement of the orientation requires mathematical modeling of the radiation…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-07 E. Dey , M. Elorza , F. W. Foss , J. J. Gomez Cadenas , B. J. P. Jones

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) generate sequences of ultra-short, spatially coherent pulses of x-ray radiation. We propose the diffraction focusing spectrometer (DFS), which is able to measure the whole energy spectrum of the radiation…

Optics · Physics 2013-02-22 V. G. Kohn , O. Y. Gorobtsov , I. A. Vartanyants

The orientation of luminescent molecules in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) strongly influences device performance. However, our understanding of the factors controlling emitter orientation is limited as current measurements only…

We prove that it is impossible to distinguish two spatially coinciding fluorescent molecules from a single rotating molecule using polarization-sensitive imaging, even if one modulates the polarization of the illumination or the detection…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yiyang Chen , Yuanxin Qiu , Matthew D. Lew

The resolution of X-ray diffraction microscopy is limited by the maximum dose that can be delivered prior to sample damage. In the proposed Serial Crystallography method, the damage problem is addressed by distributing the total dose over…

We show that structural information can be extracted from single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data. More precisely, we reinterpret SMLM data as the measures of a phaseless optical diffraction tomography system for which the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Thanh-An Pham , Emmanuel Soubies , Ferréol Soulez , Michael Unser

We consider deflection of rotating symmetric molecules by inhomogeneous optical and static electric fields, compare results with the case of linear molecules, and find new singularities in the distribution of the scattering angle.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Erez Gershnabel , Ilya Sh. Averbukh

The emergence of ultra-fast X-ray free-electron lasers opens the possibility of imaging single molecules in the gas phase at atomic resolution. The main disadvantage of this imaging technique is the unknown orientation of the sample exposed…

Very short pulses of x-ray free-electron lasers opened the way to obtain diffraction signal from single particles beyond the radiation dose limit. For 3D structure reconstruction many patterns are recorded in the object's unknown…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2011-05-11 Gábor Bortel , Miklós Tegze

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) of single molecules at atomic resolution is a major goal for the x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). However, during an imaging pulse, the fast laser-induced ionization may strongly affect the recorded…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Zoltan Jurek , Robert Thiele , Beata Ziaja , Robin Santra

We study the perspectives of measuring the phenomenon of vacuum birefringence predicted by quantum electrodynamics using an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) alone. We devise an experimental scheme allowing the XFEL beam to collide with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-02 Felix Karbstein , Chantal Sundqvist , Kai S. Schulze , Ingo Uschmann , Holger Gies , Gerhard G. Paulus

Coherent diffractive imaging of individual free nanoparticles has opened novel routes for the in-situ analysis of their transient structural, optical, and electronic properties. So far, single-shot single-particle diffraction was assumed to…

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) offer unique capabilities for measuring the structure and dynamics of biomolecules, helping us understand the basic building blocks of life. Notably, high-repetition-rate XFELs enable single particle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Jay Shenoy , Axel Levy , Frédéric Poitevin , Gordon Wetzstein

The transition between two distinct mechanisms for the laser-induced field-free orientation of CO molecules is observed via measurements of orientation revival times and subsequent comparison to theoretical calculations. In the first…

We give a detailed account of the theoretical analysis and the experimental results of an x-ray-diffraction experiment on quantum-state selected and strongly laser-aligned gas-phase ensembles of the prototypical large asymmetric rotor…

The diffraction of light imposes a fundamental limit on the resolution of light microscopes. This limit can be circumvented by creating and exploiting independent behaviors of the sample at length scales below the diffraction limit. In…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Mohamadreza Fazel , Michael J. Wester