Related papers: Air expansion in the water rocket
We show a parallelism between the expansion and compression of the atmosphere in the secondary cycle of a tropical cyclone with the fast expansion and compression of wet air in a bottle. We present a simple model in order to understand how…
We present the full thermodynamics of a fluid confined by an arbitrary external potential based on the virial expansion of the grand potential. The fluid may be classical or quantum and it is assumed that interatomic interactions are…
The condensational growth of spherical water microdroplets is studied in a laboratory setup and with a mathematical model. In the experiment, droplet clusters are kept in a freely levitated state within an upward-oriented flow of water…
We propose a simple, self-consistent kinetic model for the evolution of a mixture of droplets and vapor expanding adiabatically in vacuum after rapid, almost isochoric heating. We study the evolution of the two-phase fluid at intermediate…
The thermodynamics framework of an interacting quantum gas trapped by an arbitrary external potential is reviewed. We show that for each confining potential, in the thermodynamic limit, there emerge "generalized" volume and pressure…
A popular method to induce synthetic propulsion at the microscale is to use the forces created by surface-produced gas bubbles inside the asymmetric body of a catalytic swimmer (referred to in the literature as microrocket). Gas bubbles…
Elementary concepts from general physics and thermodynamics have been used to analyze rocket propulsion. Making some reasonable assumptions, an expression for the exit velocity of the gases is found. From that expression one can conclude…
Launching orbital and suborbital rockets from a high altitude is beneficial because of e.g. nozzle optimisation and reduced drag. Aeroplanes and gas balloons have been used for the purpose. Here we present a concept where a balloon is…
We present the first unrestricted, three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamical calculations of the blob of gas associated with the jet producing a gamma-ray burst. We investigate the deceleration phase of the blob corresponding to the…
The motion of water filled bottles is studied when it is thrown into the air and falls back to the floor, including the possibilities of an upright landing or rolling down before it finally reaches static state. When dealing with the…
If you want to get accurate predictions for the motion of water and air propelled D.I.Y rockets, neglecting air resistance is not an option. But the theoretical analysis including air drag leads to a system of differential equations which…
Hydrodynamics provides a concise but powerful description of long-time and long-distance physics of correlated systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium. Here we construct hydrodynamic equations for nonrelativistic particles with a…
This study presents the first systematic investigation of the dynamics of individual water droplets in the context of airtanker firefighting. While previous work has focused on ground-deposition patterns measured in standardized field…
Under rocket-relevant conditions, real-gas effects and thermodynamic non-idealities are prominent features of the flow field. Experimental investigations indicate that phase separation can occur depending on the operating conditions and on…
A study of hadronic data up to TEVATRON energies in terms of relativistic hydrodynamics indicates an extended 1-dimensional stage of the expansion which suggests a jet like behaviour of the fireball along the collision axis.
We examine the dependence of a thermodynamic potential of a fluid on the geometry of its container. If motion invariance, continuity, and additivity of the potential are fulfilled, only four morphometric measures are needed to describe…
The study of vapor bubble growth following droplet vaporization in a superheated liquid involves research areas such as hydrodynamics, heat transfer, mass transfer, and thermodynamics. The interplay between these multiscale aspects is…
In this paper we present a new thermodynamically consistent phase transition model describing the evolution of a liquid substance, e.g., water, in a rigid container $\Omega$ when we freeze the container. Since the density $\varrho_{2}$ of…
Rate- and state-dependent friction law for velocity-step tests is analyzed from a thermodynamic point of view. A simple macroscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamic model with a single internal variable reproduces instantaneous jump and…
Analytical modeling of the evolution of cylindrical and spherical shock waves (shocks) during an implosion in water is presented for an intermediate range of convergence radii. Up to now this range is determined only in experiments…