Related papers: The usefulness of analytic response functions
A multi-line Bayesian analysis of the Zeeman broadening in the solar atmosphere is presented. A hierarchical probabilistic model, based on the simple but realistic Milne-Eddington approximation to the solution of the radiative transfer…
Marcus theory is fundamental to describing electron transfer reactions and quantifying their rates, effectively representing the energy surface associated with an electron transfer from the reactant to the product ionic state via parabolas…
The velocity field and the height at the surface of a dynamic ice sheet are observed. The ice sheets are modeled by the full Stokes equations and shallow shelf/shelfy stream approximations. Time dependence is introduced by a kinematic free…
We present CLEDB, a "single point inversion" algorithm for inferring magnetic parameters using I,Q,U, and V Stokes parameters of forbidden magnetic dipole lines formed in the solar corona. We select lines of interest and construct databases…
Response theory provides a pathway for understanding the sensitivity of a system and for predicting how its statistical properties change when a perturbation is applied. In the case of complex and multiscale systems, to achieve enhanced…
Our knowledge of the lower solar atmosphere is mainly obtained from spectropolarimetric observations, which are often carried out in the red or infrared spectral range and almost always cover only a single or a few spectral lines. Here we…
Over the past decade, it has become clear that the radiative response to surface temperature change depends on the spatially varying structure in the temperature field, a phenomenon known as the "pattern effect''. The pattern effect is…
Ground-based astro-geodetic observations and atmospheric occultations, are two examples of observational techniques requiring a scrutiny analysis of atmospheric refraction. In both cases, the measured changes in observables are…
Plant reflectance spectra - the profile of light reflected by leaves across different wavelengths - supply the spectral signature for a species at a spatial location to enable estimation of functional and taxonomic diversity for plants. We…
To study and develop wall-functions for low-Reynolds-number models, a model linear equation is introduced. This equation simulates major mathematical peculiarities of the low-Reynolds-number model including a near wall sub-layer and…
Aspects of the theory of characteristic modes, based on their variational formulation, are presented and an explicit form of a related functional, involving only currents in a spatial domain, is derived. The new formulation leads to deeper…
Aims. We introduce a new method to calculate and interpret indirect transition rates populating atomic levels using Markov chain theory. Indirect transition rates are essential to evaluate interlocking in a multi-level source function,…
A climate response function is introduced that consists of six exponential (low-pass) filters with weights depending as a power law on their e-folding times. The response of this two-parameter function to the combined forcings of solar…
Functional data that are nonnegative and have a constrained integral can be considered as samples of one-dimensional density functions. Such data are ubiquitous. Due to the inherent constraints, densities do not live in a vector space and,…
The use of instruments that record narrow band images at selected wavelengths is a common approach in solar observations. They allow the scanning of a spectral line by sampling the Stokes profiles with 2D images at each line position, but…
The reconstruction of spectral function from correlation function in Euclidean space is a challenging task. In this paper, we employ the Machine Learning techniques in terms of the radial basis functions networks to reconstruct the spectral…
Present grids of stellar atmosphere models are the workhorses in interpreting stellar observations, and determining their fundamental parameters. These models rely on greatly simplified models of convection, however, lending less predictive…
While X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is common, the detailed physics behind this emission is not well understood. This is in part because high quality broadband spectra are required to precisely derive fundamental…
Observations of active galactic nuclei have revealed a correlation between millimeter luminosity, X-ray luminosity, and mass, suggesting the emission in each of these bands is powered by a common source. Starting with a set of five general…
The Mg I 12.32 and 12.22 $\mu$m lines are a pair of emission lines that present a great advantage for accurate solar magnetic field measurement. They potentially contribute to the diagnosis of solar atmospheric parameters through their high…