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In order to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation, we need to repeat the following sequence of four steps: First, perform 1 or 2 qubit quantum gates (in parallel if possible). Second, do a syndrome measurement on a subset of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Harry Buhrman , Marten Folkertsma , Bruno Loff , Niels M. P. Neumann

A quantum error correction (QEC) code uses $N_{\rm c}$ quantum bits to construct one "logical" quantum bits of better quality than the original "physical" ones. QEC theory predicts that the failure probability $p_L$ of logical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-15 Xavier Waintal

Quantum error correction and the use of quantum error correction codes is likely to be essential for the realisation of practical quantum computing. Because the error models of quantum devices vary widely, quantum codes which are tailored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Mark Webster , Dan Browne

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Consider a stabilizer state on $n$ qudits, each of dimension $D$ with $D$ being a prime or a squarefree integer, divided into three mutually disjoint sets or parts. Generalizing a result of Bravyi et al. [J. Math. Phys. \textbf{47}, 062106…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-05 Shiang Yong Looi , Robert B. Griffiths

We define a quantum learning task called agnostic tomography, where given copies of an arbitrary state $\rho$ and a class of quantum states $\mathcal{C}$, the goal is to output a succinct description of a state that approximates $\rho$ at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Sabee Grewal , Vishnu Iyer , William Kretschmer , Daniel Liang

Verification of NISQ era quantum devices demands fast classical simulation of large noisy quantum circuits. We present an algorithm based on the stabilizer formalism that can efficiently simulate noisy stabilizer circuits. Additionally, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Patrick Rall

A prerequisite to the successful development of quantum computers and simulators is precise understanding of physical processes occurring therein, which can be achieved by measuring the quantum states they produce. However, the resources…

Recent work has explored using the stabilizer formalism to classically simulate quantum circuits containing a few non-Clifford gates. The computational cost of such methods is directly related to the notion of stabilizer rank, which for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sergey Bravyi , Dan Browne , Padraic Calpin , Earl Campbell , David Gosset , Mark Howard

To build a universal quantum computer from fragile physical qubits, effective implementation of quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential requirement and a central challenge. Existing demonstrations of QEC are based on a schedule of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-16 Jeffrey M. Gertler , Brian Baker , Juliang Li , Shruti Shirol , Jens Koch , Chen Wang

We present an efficient quantum algorithm for preparing a pure state on a quantum computer, where the quantum state corresponds to that of a molecular system with a given number $m$ of electrons occupying a given number $n$ of spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-01 Hefeng Wang , S. Ashhab , Franco Nori

Simulating Clifford and near-Clifford circuits using the extended stabilizer formalism has become increasingly popular, particularly in quantum error correction. Compared to the state-vector approach, the extended stabilizer formalism can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Vu Tuan Hai , Bui Cao Doanh , Le Vu Trung Duong , Pham Hoai Luan , Yasuhiko Nakashima

We study the complexity of learning quantum states in various models with respect to the stabilizer formalism and obtain the following results: - We prove that $\Omega(n)$ $T$-gates are necessary for any Clifford+$T$ circuit to prepare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Sabee Grewal , Vishnu Iyer , William Kretschmer , Daniel Liang

The demonstration of quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the most important milestones in the realization of fully-fledged quantum computers. Toward this, QEC experiments using the surface codes have recently been actively conducted.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Mitsuki Katsuda , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Stabilizer states form an important class of states in quantum information, and are of central importance in quantum error correction. Here, we provide an algorithm for deciding whether one stabilizer (target) state can be obtained from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner

We consider the explicit construction of resource states for measurement-based quantum information processing. We concentrate on special-purpose resource states that are capable to perform a certain operation or task, where we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-07 Alexander Pirker , Julius Wallnöfer , Hans J. Briegel , Wolfgang Dür

It is important to protect quantum information against decoherence and operational errors, and quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes are the keys to solving this problem. Of course, just the existence of codes is not efficient. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jumpei Niwa , Keiji Matsumoto , Hiroshi Imai

We present two methods for the construction of quantum circuits for quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). The underlying quantum systems are tensor products of subsystems (qudits) of equal dimension which is a prime power. For a QECC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Markus Grassl , Martin Roetteler , Thomas Beth

The resource overhead required to achieve net computational benefits from quantum error correction (QEC) limits its utility while current systems remain constrained in size, despite exceptional progress in experimental demonstrations. In…

Numerous quantum algorithms operate under the assumption that classical data has already been converted into quantum states, a process termed Quantum State Preparation (QSP). However, achieving precise QSP requires a circuit depth that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Yilun Zhao , Bingmeng Wang , Wenle Jiang , Xiwei Pan , Bing Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang