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The design of complex man-made systems mostly involves a conceptual modeling phase; therefore, it is important to ensure an appropriate analysis method for these models. A key concept for such analysis is the development of a diagramming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Sabah Al-Fedaghi

Modularity and decontextualisation are core principles of a service-oriented architecture. However, the principles are often lost when it comes to an implementation of services, as a result of a rigidly defined service interface. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Pavel Zaichenkov , Olga Tveretina , Alex Shafarenko

REST is today's most widely used architectural style for providing web-based services. In the age of service-orientation (a.k.a. Software as a Service (SaaS)) APIs have become core business assets and can easily expose hundreds of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Sven Peldszus , Jan Rutenkolk , Marcel Heide , Jan Sollmann , Benjamin Klatt , Frank Köhne , Thorsten Berger

Many intelligent user interfaces employ application and user models to determine the user's preferences, goals and likely future actions. Such models require application analysis, adaptation and expansion. Building and maintaining such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Peter J. Gorniak , David L. Poole

This paper addresses the challenge of jointly modeling user intent diversity and behavioral uncertainty in recommender systems. A unified representation learning framework is proposed. The framework builds a multi-intent representation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Wei Xu , Jiasen Zheng , Junjiang Lin , Mingxuan Han , Junliang Du

Agent-based Models (ABMs) are valuable tools for policy analysis. ABMs help analysts explore the emergent consequences of policy interventions in multi-agent decision-making settings. But the validity of inferences drawn from ABM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Osonde A. Osoba , Raffaele Vardavas , Justin Grana , Rushil Zutshi , Amber Jaycocks

Large language model (LLM) agents with tool-calling capabilities are increasingly deployed in production systems, yet a fundamental reliability question remains under-explored: does the same agent behave the same way twice? We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Abel Yagubyan

World models have been emerging as critical components for assessing the consequences of actions generated by interactive agents in online planning and offline evaluation. In text-based environments, world models are typically evaluated and…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) have received rising interest due to its appealing data efficiency. The present study addresses behavior estimation, a task that lays the foundation of many offline RL algorithms. Behavior estimation aims…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Guoxi Zhang , Hisashi Kashima

As large language models (LLMs) move from static reasoning tasks toward dynamic environments, their success depends on the ability to navigate and respond to an environment that changes as they interact at inference time. An underexplored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Annie Wong , Aske Plaat , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova

Recent distributed computing trends advocate the use of Representational State Transfer (REST) to alleviate the inherent complexity of the Web services standards in building service-oriented web applications. In this paper we focus on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-02-09 Carlos Granell , Laura Díaz , Alain Tamayo , Joaquín Huerta

Reinforcement learning (RL) for web agents demands environments that are both effective for evaluation and efficient enough for large-scale on-policy training. Current web environments fall short: server-side Docker setups are too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuxuan Lu , Ziyi Wang , Jing Huang , Hui Liu , Jiri Gesi , Yan Han , Shihan Fu , Tianqi Zheng , Xianfeng Tang , Chen Luo , Yisi Sang , Jin Lai , Dakuo Wang

The advent of multimodal agents facilitates effective interaction within graphical user interface (GUI), especially in ubiquitous GUI control. However, their inability to reliably execute toggle control instructions remains a key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zongru Wu , Rui Mao , Zhiyuan Tian , Pengzhou Cheng , Tianjie Ju , Zheng Wu , Lingzhong Dong , Haiyue Sheng , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

User Behavior Modeling (UBM) plays a critical role in user interest learning, which has been extensively used in recommender systems. Crucial interactive patterns between users and items have been exploited, which brings compelling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Zhicheng He , Weiwen Liu , Wei Guo , Jiarui Qin , Yingxue Zhang , Yaochen Hu , Ruiming Tang

We propose a method to evaluate and improve the validity of required specifications by comparing models from different viewpoints. Inconsistencies are automatically extracted from the model in which the analyst defines the service procedure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Hikaru Morita , Saeko Matsuura

The Mobile intermittent wireless connectivity limits the evolution of the mobile landscape, such that this progress coupled with the ubiquitous nature of the Internet and the web services. The web service Reliability achieves the low…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Amr S. Abdelfattah , Tamer Abdelkader , EI-Sayed M. EI-Horbaty

We present an institution for UML state machines without hierarchical states. The interaction with UML class diagrams is handled via institutions for guards and actions, which provide dynamic components of states (such as valuations of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Alexander Knapp , Till Mossakowski , Markus Roggenbach , Martin Glauer

We introduce a novel framework for analyzing reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous state-action spaces, and use it to prove fast rates of convergence in both off-line and on-line settings. Our analysis highlights two key stability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Yaqi Duan , Martin J. Wainwright

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents deployed in real-world environments face degradation from sensor faults, actuator wear, and environmental shifts, yet lack intrinsic mechanisms to detect and diagnose these failures. We present an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Cameron Reid , Wael Hafez , Amirhossein Nazeri

Methods that detect user states such as emotions are useful for interactive systems. In this position paper, we argue for model-based approaches that are trained on user behaviour and self-reported user state as ground truths. In an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Julian Frommel , Regan L Mandryk