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We study the convergence of Nash equilibria in a game of optimal stopping. If the associated mean field game has a unique equilibrium, any sequence of $n$-player equilibria converges to it as $n\to\infty$. However, both the finite and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-30 Marcel Nutz , Jaime San Martin , Xiaowei Tan

The recent mean field game (MFG) formalism facilitates otherwise intractable computation of approximate Nash equilibria in many-agent settings. In this paper, we consider discrete-time finite MFGs subject to finite-horizon objectives. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Mean field games (MFGs) model interactions in large-population multi-agent systems through population distributions. Traditional learning methods for MFGs are based on fixed-point iteration (FPI), where policy updates and induced population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Chenyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Xuan Di

This paper develops a unified framework for proving the existence of solutions to stationary first-order mean-field games (MFGs) based on the theory of monotone operators in Banach spaces. We cast the coupled MFG system as a variational…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Rita Ferreira , Diogo Gomes , Melih Ucer

In the paper we present a model of discrete-time mean-field game with several populations of players. Mean-field games with multiple populations of the players have only been studied in the literature in the continuous-time setting. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-07 Piotr Więcek

We develop the fictitious play algorithm in the context of the linear programming approach for mean field games of optimal stopping and mean field games with regular control and absorption. This algorithm allows to approximate the mean…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Roxana Dumitrescu , Marcos Leutscher , Peter Tankov

The approximation of mixed Nash equilibria (MNE) for zero-sum games with mean-field interacting players has recently raised much interest in machine learning. In this paper we propose a mean-field gradient descent dynamics for finding the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Yulong Lu , Pierre Monmarché

Adversarial training, a special case of multi-objective optimization, is an increasingly prevalent machine learning technique: some of its most notable applications include GAN-based generative modeling and self-play techniques in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-17 Gauthier Gidel , David Balduzzi , Wojciech Marian Czarnecki , Marta Garnelo , Yoram Bachrach

This work studies non-cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) where multiple agents interact in the same environment and whose goal is to maximize the individual returns. Challenges arise when scaling up the number of agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Talal Algumaei , Ruben Solozabal , Reda Alami , Hakim Hacid , Merouane Debbah , Martin Takac

Mean field games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for modeling large-scale multi-agent systems. This paper addresses MFGs formulated in continuous time with discrete state spaces, where agents' dynamics are governed by continuous-time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Mean field approximation is a powerful technique to study the performance of large stochastic systems represented as $n$ interacting objects. Applications include load balancing models, epidemic spreading, cache replacement policies, or…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Sebastian Allmeier , Nicolas Gast

We introduce two algorithms based on a policy iteration method to numerically solve time-dependent Mean Field Game systems of partial differential equations with non-separable Hamiltonians. We prove the convergence of such algorithms in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-03 Mathieu Laurière , Jiahao Song , Qing Tang

We study a class of linear-quadratic stochastic differential games in which each player interacts directly only with its nearest neighbors in a given graph. We find a semi-explicit Markovian equilibrium for any transitive graph, in terms of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-27 Daniel Lacker , Agathe Soret

This paper studies the relation between equilibria in single-period, discrete-time and continuous-time mean field game models. First, for single-period mean field games, we establish the existence of equilibria and then prove the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-04 Jodi Dianetti , Max Nendel , Ludovic Tangpi , Shichun Wang

We consider a class of $N$-player games and mean-field games of singular controls with ergodic performance criterion, providing a benchmark case for irreversible investment games featuring mean-field interaction and strategic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Federico Cannerozzi , Giorgio Ferrari

We consider discrete-time stationary mean field games (MFG) with unknown dynamics and design algorithms for finding the equilibrium with finite-time complexity guarantees. Prior solutions to the problem assume either the contraction of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Sihan Zeng , Sujay Bhatt , Alec Koppel , Sumitra Ganesh

In common-interest stochastic games all players receive an identical payoff. Players participating in such games must learn to coordinate with each other in order to receive the highest-possible value. A number of reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-28 R. I. Brafman , M. Tennenholtz

In this paper we study a type of games regularized by the relative entropy, where the players' strategies are coupled through a random environment variable. Besides the existence and the uniqueness of equilibria of such games, we prove that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Giovanni Conforti , Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren

Mean field games (MFGs) provide a mathematically tractable framework for modelling large-scale multi-agent systems by leveraging mean field theory to simplify interactions among agents. It enables applying inverse reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yang Chen , Libo Zhang , Jiamou Liu , Michael Witbrock

For algorithms based on interacting particle systems that admit a mean-field description, convergence analysis is often more accessible at the mean-field level. In order to transfer convergence results obtained at the mean-field level to…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Nicolai Jurek Gerber , Franca Hoffmann , Urbain Vaes
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