Related papers: Microscopic description of a nonequilibrium system
Formation of the nonequilibrium subsystem in dynamical processes during defect generation is simulated by means of molecular dynamics. A particular process of dissipation of the low-frequency acoustic emission into high-frequency…
This paper studies a mathematical formalism of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for chemical reaction models with $N$ species, $M$ reactions, and general rate law. We establish a mathematical basis for J. W. Gibbs' macroscopic chemical…
The thermodynamic approach to non-equilibrium dynamics describes the state of macroscopic systems by means of a collection of intensities or intensive variables. The latter are by definition the differentials of the entropy with respect to…
A quantum mechanical explanation of the relaxation to equilibrium is shown for macroscopic systems for nonintegrable cases and numerically verified. The macroscopic system is initially in an equilibrium state, subsequently externally…
In this paper we address the problem to give a concrete support to the idea, originally stemming from Niels Bohr, that quantum mechanics must be rooted inside the physics of macroscopic systems. It is shown that, starting from the formalism…
The interactions of tiny objects with their environment are dominated by thermal fluctuations. Guided by theory and assisted by micromanipulation tools, scientists have begun to study such interactions in detail.
We consider a paradigmatic model describing the one-dimensional motion of $N$ rotators coupled through a mean-field interaction, and subject to the perturbation of an external magnetic field. The latter is shown to significantly alter the…
Equilibrium statistical mechanics provides powerful tools to understand physics at the macroscale. Yet, the question remains how this can be justified based on a microscopic quantum description. Here, we extend the ideas of pure state…
The study of biological cells in terms of mesoscopic, nonequilibrium, nonlinear, stochastic dynamics of open chemical systems provides a paradigm for other complex, self-organizing systems with ultra-fast stochastic fluctuations, short-time…
I review basic concepts in the nonequilibrium physics of small systems, emphasizing single molecule experiments and how they contribute to expanding our current understanding of energy and information.
In this paper I propose a new way for counting the microstates of a system out of equilibrium. As, according to quantum mechanics, things happen as if a given particle can be found in more than one state at once, I extend this concept to…
The general theory of a complex system of nonlinear chemical reactions is a primary language of chemistry that includes chemical engineering and cellular biochemistry. Its significance as an analytical framework, however, has not been fully…
Closely related to the laws of thermodynamics, the detection and quantification of disequilibria are crucial in unraveling the complexities of nature, particularly those beneath observable layers. Theoretical developments in nonequilibrium…
The coincidence method of measuring the entropy of a system, proposed some time ago by Ma, is generalized to include systems out of equilibrium. It is suggested that the method can be adapted to analyze multiparticle states produced in…
The climate system is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex and heterogeneous system that is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The system exhibits natural variability on many scales of motion, in time as well as space, and it is subject…
I give a highly selective overview of the way statistical mechanics explains the microscopic origins of the time asymmetric evolution of macroscopic systems towards equilibrium and of first order phase transitions in equilibrium. These…
An exact closed relativistic kinetic equation is derived for a system of identical classical particles interacting with each other through a scalar field. The microscopic deterministic mechanism of the irreversible equilibration process in…
Entropy is a very useful concept from physics that tries to explain how a system behaves from a point of view of the thermodynamics. However, there are two ways to explain entropy, and it depends on if we are studying a microsystem or a…
Living systems are forced away from thermodynamic equilibrium by exchange of mass and energy with their environment. In order to model a biochemical reaction network in a non-equilibrium state one requires a mathematical formulation to…
Lecture notes on elements of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: (1) a characterization of the nonequilibrium condition, largely by contrast to equilibrium; (2) a retelling of some of the great performances of the more distant past,…