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We measured the energy efficiency of information erasure using silicon DRAM cells capable of counting charges on capacitors at the single-electron level. Our measurements revealed that the efficiency decreased as the erasure error…
Physical systems that power motion and create structure in a fixed amount of time dissipate energy and produce entropy. Whether living or synthetic, systems performing these dynamic functions must balance dissipation and speed. Here, we…
A unified thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of learning is proposed. First, we derive an inequality, which is more strength than Clausius's inequality, revealing the lower bound of the entropy-production rate of a subsystem.…
Work can be extracted from a single heat bath if additional information is available. For the paradigmatic case of a Brownian particle in a harmonic potential, whose position has been measured with finite precision, we determine the optimal…
The ability of machine learning systems to learn continually is hindered by catastrophic forgetting, the tendency of neural networks to overwrite previously acquired knowledge when learning a new task. Existing methods mitigate this problem…
Stochastic network-dynamics are typically assumed to be memory-less. Involving prolonged dwells interrupted by instantaneous transitions between nodes such Markov networks stand as a coarse-graining paradigm for chemical reactions, gene…
What happens when a new piece of knowledge is introduced into the training data and how long does it last while a large language model (LM) continues to train? We investigate this question by injecting facts into LMs from a new probing…
Why do we forget? Why do we remember things that never happened? The conventional answer points to biological hardware. We propose a different one: geometry. Here we show that high-dimensional embedding spaces, subjected to noise,…
Persistent nonequilibrium effects such as the memory of the initial state, the ballistic diffusion, and the break of the equipartition theorem and the ergodicity in Brownian motions are investigated by analytically solving the generalized…
We derive statistical-mechanical speed limits on dissipation from the classical, chaotic dynamics of many-particle systems. In one, the rate of irreversible entropy production in the environment is the maximum speed of a deterministic…
We discuss the interplay between the degree of dynamical stochasticity, memory persistence and violation of the self-averaging property in the aging kinetics of quenched ferromagnets. We show that, in general, the longest possible memory…
The highly complicated nature of far from equilibrium systems can lead to a complete breakdown of the physical intuition developed in equilibrium. A famous example of this is the Mpemba effect, which states that non-equilibrium states may…
We consider several Hamiltonian systems perturbed by external agents, that preserve their Hamiltonian structure. We investigate the corrections to the canonical statistics resulting from coupling such systems with possibly large but finite…
By examining the deterministic limit of a general $\epsilon$-dependent generator for Markovian dynamics, which includes the continuous Fokker-Planck equations and discrete chemical master equations as two special cases, the intrinsic…
Memory effects play a key role in the dynamics of strongly correlated systems driven out of equilibrium. In the present study, we explore the nature of memory in the nonequilibrium Anderson impurity model. The Nakajima--Zwanzig--Mori…
Time-irreversible stochastic processes are frequently used in natural sciences to explain non-equilibrium phenomena and to design efficient stochastic algorithms. Our main goal in this thesis is to analyse their dynamics by means of large…
Obtaining adiabatic processes that connect equilibrium states in a given time represents a challenge for mesoscopic systems. In this paper, we explicitly show how to build these finite-time adiabatic processes for an overdamped Brownian…
Statistical thermodynamics is valuable as a conceptual structure that shapes our thinking about equilibrium thermodynamic states. A cloud of unresolved questions surrounding the foundations of the theory could lead an impartial observer to…
It is necessary to use more general models than the classical Fourier heat conduction law to describe small-scale thermal conductivity processes. The effects of heat flow memory and heat capacity memory (internal energy) in solids are…
In view of the recent quest for well-behaved nonlinear extensions of the traditional Schroedinger-von Neumann unitary dynamics that could provide fundamental explanations of recent experimental evidence of loss of quantum coherence at the…